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<p>By reducing wasted energy and improving thermal efficiency in industrial and automotive environments, improving cooling systems can help support sustainability with the worldwide push for environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technologies. Researchers have looked into advanced cooling solutions to address this problem, including heat exchanger modifications to accept various insert kinds [turbulator inserts (TI), perforated turbulator inserts (PTI)] and novel nanofluids [carbon quantum dot (CQD) with water, ethylene glycol (EG), and propylene glycol (PG)], which are fluids with suspended nanoparticles that increase thermal conductivity. The thermophysical properties and performance parameters have been obtained through a mathematical simulation model developed using Engineering Equation Solver software. The present paper investigated the effect of coolant flow rate (Reynold number), various base nanofluids (water, EG, and PG -CQD), and inserts (TI and PTI) on Nusselt number, friction factor, coefficient of performance (COP), pumping power, heat transfer, exergy efficiency, entropy generation, performance evaluation criteria, and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) discharge, and a comparative analysis has been performed. The perforated twisted insert (PTI) exhibited a 132% improvement, while the turbulator insert (TI) showed a 96% enhancement in Nusselt number at low Reynolds numbers with CQD-EG. The PTI with CQD-PG demonstrated superior performance, achieving 9% higher COP, 13.7% higher heat transfer, 16.8% higher exergy efficiency, 10.3% higher exergy exchange, and 8.3% higher entropy generation. The highest PEC was observed with CQD-EG in PTI, 80.6% higher than CQD-PG. Additionally, CQD-PG reduced carbon emissions by 14.2% compared to CQD-EG, highlighting its environmental advantage.</p>

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Energy, exergy, and environmental investigation of inserts assisted heat exchanger with various base fluid based CQD nanofluid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月28日

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  • Ranjeet Rai,
  • Vikash Kumar,
  • R. R. Sahoo

摘要

By reducing wasted energy and improving thermal efficiency in industrial and automotive environments, improving cooling systems can help support sustainability with the worldwide push for environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technologies. Researchers have looked into advanced cooling solutions to address this problem, including heat exchanger modifications to accept various insert kinds [turbulator inserts (TI), perforated turbulator inserts (PTI)] and novel nanofluids [carbon quantum dot (CQD) with water, ethylene glycol (EG), and propylene glycol (PG)], which are fluids with suspended nanoparticles that increase thermal conductivity. The thermophysical properties and performance parameters have been obtained through a mathematical simulation model developed using Engineering Equation Solver software. The present paper investigated the effect of coolant flow rate (Reynold number), various base nanofluids (water, EG, and PG -CQD), and inserts (TI and PTI) on Nusselt number, friction factor, coefficient of performance (COP), pumping power, heat transfer, exergy efficiency, entropy generation, performance evaluation criteria, and carbon dioxide (CO2) discharge, and a comparative analysis has been performed. The perforated twisted insert (PTI) exhibited a 132% improvement, while the turbulator insert (TI) showed a 96% enhancement in Nusselt number at low Reynolds numbers with CQD-EG. The PTI with CQD-PG demonstrated superior performance, achieving 9% higher COP, 13.7% higher heat transfer, 16.8% higher exergy efficiency, 10.3% higher exergy exchange, and 8.3% higher entropy generation. The highest PEC was observed with CQD-EG in PTI, 80.6% higher than CQD-PG. Additionally, CQD-PG reduced carbon emissions by 14.2% compared to CQD-EG, highlighting its environmental advantage.