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<p>Flow control entails the ability to delay transition, reduce turbulence, prevent separation, and modify the flow field. Among all active flow control systems, the actuator with zero net mass flux (ZNMF), also known as synthetic jet actuator (SJA), has been the subject of the most research and development for its application in cooling electronics equipment like microprocessors. In the present investigation, several unconventional cavity shapes including conical and parabolic forms of synthetic jet actuators are investigated for their potential to impinge on 0.1 mm thick stainless steel heated surfaces. The development and formation of zero-net-mass-flux (ZNMF)/synthetic jets using parabolic, conical, and cylindrical cavities with constant cavity volume in quiescent flow are experimentally demonstrated within the actuation frequency spectrum of 5–60&#xa0;Hz for specific excitation voltage amplitude of 50&#xa0;V impinged on a thin stainless steel foil. The synthetic jet's velocity gradually drops in various proportions, and for given actuation frequency the peak velocity in case of parabolic and conical cavity synthetic jet actuators is found to be 23% and 4.5%, respectively, higher producing more fluctuations and mixing than that of a cylindrical cavity. The fluidic efficiency exhibits a similar trend, which is nearly 46.6% and 32% greater than that of cylindrical and conical cavity shapes, respectively, and it influences the average cooling rate of heat transfer during the interaction of the synthetic jet with the thin heated plate. While operating synthetic jet actuator at optimum conditions, it is found that the calculated mean heat transfer coefficient for parabolic and conical cavities is 17.7% and 6%, respectively, higher than that of a cylindrical cavity at constant cavity volume. The parabolic and conical cavity shapes are proved to be more effective in terms of mean heat transfer coefficient, fluid flow behavior, and fluidic efficiency in contrast with cylindrical cavity shape. The present comparison may be used as the initial starting point in the design of synthetic jet actuator for electronic cooling on the basis of jet impinging flow and heat transfer enhancement requirements.</p>

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Experimental investigation of the effects of cavity design for flow characteristics and heat transfer properties of synthetic jet actuators in quiescent flow

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月31日

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  • Mukhtar Ahmad,
  • Adnan Qayoum,
  • Mohammed Dilawar,
  • Gowhar Shafi Bhat,
  • Amir Yousf Sofi

摘要

Flow control entails the ability to delay transition, reduce turbulence, prevent separation, and modify the flow field. Among all active flow control systems, the actuator with zero net mass flux (ZNMF), also known as synthetic jet actuator (SJA), has been the subject of the most research and development for its application in cooling electronics equipment like microprocessors. In the present investigation, several unconventional cavity shapes including conical and parabolic forms of synthetic jet actuators are investigated for their potential to impinge on 0.1 mm thick stainless steel heated surfaces. The development and formation of zero-net-mass-flux (ZNMF)/synthetic jets using parabolic, conical, and cylindrical cavities with constant cavity volume in quiescent flow are experimentally demonstrated within the actuation frequency spectrum of 5–60 Hz for specific excitation voltage amplitude of 50 V impinged on a thin stainless steel foil. The synthetic jet's velocity gradually drops in various proportions, and for given actuation frequency the peak velocity in case of parabolic and conical cavity synthetic jet actuators is found to be 23% and 4.5%, respectively, higher producing more fluctuations and mixing than that of a cylindrical cavity. The fluidic efficiency exhibits a similar trend, which is nearly 46.6% and 32% greater than that of cylindrical and conical cavity shapes, respectively, and it influences the average cooling rate of heat transfer during the interaction of the synthetic jet with the thin heated plate. While operating synthetic jet actuator at optimum conditions, it is found that the calculated mean heat transfer coefficient for parabolic and conical cavities is 17.7% and 6%, respectively, higher than that of a cylindrical cavity at constant cavity volume. The parabolic and conical cavity shapes are proved to be more effective in terms of mean heat transfer coefficient, fluid flow behavior, and fluidic efficiency in contrast with cylindrical cavity shape. The present comparison may be used as the initial starting point in the design of synthetic jet actuator for electronic cooling on the basis of jet impinging flow and heat transfer enhancement requirements.