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<p>Due to an extreme reliance on both electric and conventional automobiles in daily life, excessive heat is produced, leading to&#xa0;increased cooling demands. An automotive radiator will be larger by using traditional coolants. The advent of nanotechnology has made it feasible to develop a new class of heat transfer fluids that improve conductive properties of coolant. In this context, present work focuses on enhancement of radiator performance by using CuO and RGO hybrid nanofluids (<i>ϕ</i>/%: 0.001, 0.005, and 0.01) as a coolant. The experimental effort is made to investigate the impact of adding CuO and RGO nanoparticles to a base fluid (50:50 EG:DIW) on thermal performance of automotive radiators. The performance factors such as Nusselt number, friction factor, effectiveness, and thermal performance factor (TPF) were estimated at distinct Reynolds numbers (167 ≤ Re ≤ 1675) at tube side of radiator and by keeping a constant airflow rate by using radiator fan. Results show that increasing in Nu by 55.35%, 166.31%, 377.52% and friction factor by 12.74%, 35.38%, 41.51%, respectively, for 0.001, 0.005, 0.01 vol.% of hybrid nanofluids compared to base fluid. Experimental efforts show an average enhancement in effectiveness of radiator by 0.112, 0.121, 0.128, and TPF by 1.40, 2.40, 4.25, respectively, for 0.001, 0.005, 0.01 vol.% of hybrid nanofluids usage in the automotive radiator. The obtained correlations of Nusselt number have an accuracy of + 15% to − 25% and friction factor by ± 10% deviation from the experimental results.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Effect of low-concentration CuO and RGO hybrid nanofluids on thermal performance of automotive radiator: an experimental study and correlations development

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月11日

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  • B. M. Praveenkumara,
  • H. M. Shankara Murthy,
  • B. Sadashive Gowda,
  • Arun C. Dixith U,
  • D. Shrinivasa,
  • E. Amruth

摘要

Due to an extreme reliance on both electric and conventional automobiles in daily life, excessive heat is produced, leading to increased cooling demands. An automotive radiator will be larger by using traditional coolants. The advent of nanotechnology has made it feasible to develop a new class of heat transfer fluids that improve conductive properties of coolant. In this context, present work focuses on enhancement of radiator performance by using CuO and RGO hybrid nanofluids (ϕ/%: 0.001, 0.005, and 0.01) as a coolant. The experimental effort is made to investigate the impact of adding CuO and RGO nanoparticles to a base fluid (50:50 EG:DIW) on thermal performance of automotive radiators. The performance factors such as Nusselt number, friction factor, effectiveness, and thermal performance factor (TPF) were estimated at distinct Reynolds numbers (167 ≤ Re ≤ 1675) at tube side of radiator and by keeping a constant airflow rate by using radiator fan. Results show that increasing in Nu by 55.35%, 166.31%, 377.52% and friction factor by 12.74%, 35.38%, 41.51%, respectively, for 0.001, 0.005, 0.01 vol.% of hybrid nanofluids compared to base fluid. Experimental efforts show an average enhancement in effectiveness of radiator by 0.112, 0.121, 0.128, and TPF by 1.40, 2.40, 4.25, respectively, for 0.001, 0.005, 0.01 vol.% of hybrid nanofluids usage in the automotive radiator. The obtained correlations of Nusselt number have an accuracy of + 15% to − 25% and friction factor by ± 10% deviation from the experimental results.

Graphical abstract