<p>The escalating global energy demand, driven by population growth and the increasing prevalence of air-conditioning in buildings, has intensified reliance on conventional electricity generation from fossil fuels. This trend poses significant economic and environmental challenges. Solar-powered air-conditioning systems, particularly hybrid solar cooling systems, offer a promising sustainable solution. These systems synergistically integrate photovoltaic (PV) and thermal energy, utilizing phase change materials (PCM) for efficient thermal energy storage. By employing PV energy to power adsorption chillers during peak sunlight hours and storing excess thermal energy in PCMs, these systems ensure continuous cooling operation even during nighttime or periods of low solar irradiance. This comprehensive review paper delves into the multifaceted aspects of hybrid solar cooling systems, encompassing energy collection, storage, heat losses, cooling load dynamics, building-specific parameters, and overall system efficiency. Moreover, the review explores innovative advancements in materials science, such as the integration of nitride-based ternary salt hydrates PCMs with expanded graphite (EG) and the incorporation of boron arsenide with PCMs. This work also highlights recent advancements in materials science, including the integration of nitride-based ternary salt hydrates PCMs enhanced with EG and boron arsenide. These advanced materials are coupled with flat plate collectors (FPC) and photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) systems to improve collector performance and optimize cooling efficiency by effectively utilizing waste heat from the PVT system. These innovations hold the potential to revolutionize thermal energy storage by significantly enhancing thermal conductivity, extending storage duration, and improving thermal stability, thereby paving the way for more efficient, reliable, and sustainable solar cooling solutions for buildings.</p>