<p>In this study, the electroosmosis flows through a Jeffrey six-constant fluid with moving microorganisms in a cilia-based micro-wavy channel has been analyzed using a blood-based fluid with zinc oxide nanoparticles as a working fluid. The problem is relevant to enhancing the performance of microfluidic devices in biomedical applications, which include drug delivery and diagnostic systems where thermal control and biofluid manipulation are crucial. Buongiorno’s model is utilized to explore the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. No-slip boundary conditions are assumed for the velocity, temperature, and concentration. Applying the scaling transformations, the partial differential governing equations are reduced to the ordinary differential equations, and numerical solutions are obtained by using MATLAB bvp4c solver. This technique yields correct solutions for temperature, concentration, electroosmotic flow, and microorganism density profiles. Results show <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14069_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\theta , \varphi$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>θ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>φ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14069_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\gamma$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> rise with Jeffrey’s six-constant fluid parameter & relaxation time, whereas it falls for all the profiles corresponding to retardation time. The study also investigates pressure gradients and streamlines, which allows us to better understand the complex interactions in microchannels. The originality of this research is apparent in addressing the motion of microorganisms, the behavior of nanoparticles, and micro-wavy structures in electroosmotic systems, thus providing a more general approach than previous research. This research is useful in enhancing heat and flow control in electroosmotic systems with regard to enhancing the design of the systems, especially in the advanced biomedical microfluidic applications.</p>

Thermal transport of bioconvective dynamics in electroosmotic blood-based viscoelastic nanofluids with zinc oxide nanoparticles in micro-wavy membranes: application in drug delivery

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发表日期：

2025年3月21日

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Muhammad Noman Alam,
Rashid Mehmood,
Noreen Sher Akbar,
Ahmed M. Zidan

摘要

In this study, the electroosmosis flows through a Jeffrey six-constant fluid with moving microorganisms in a cilia-based micro-wavy channel has been analyzed using a blood-based fluid with zinc oxide nanoparticles as a working fluid. The problem is relevant to enhancing the performance of microfluidic devices in biomedical applications, which include drug delivery and diagnostic systems where thermal control and biofluid manipulation are crucial. Buongiorno’s model is utilized to explore the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. No-slip boundary conditions are assumed for the velocity, temperature, and concentration. Applying the scaling transformations, the partial differential governing equations are reduced to the ordinary differential equations, and numerical solutions are obtained by using MATLAB bvp4c solver. This technique yields correct solutions for temperature, concentration, electroosmotic flow, and microorganism density profiles. Results show $\theta , \varphi$ $θ, φ$ and $\gamma$ $γ$ rise with Jeffrey’s six-constant fluid parameter & relaxation time, whereas it falls for all the profiles corresponding to retardation time. The study also investigates pressure gradients and streamlines, which allows us to better understand the complex interactions in microchannels. The originality of this research is apparent in addressing the motion of microorganisms, the behavior of nanoparticles, and micro-wavy structures in electroosmotic systems, thus providing a more general approach than previous research. This research is useful in enhancing heat and flow control in electroosmotic systems with regard to enhancing the design of the systems, especially in the advanced biomedical microfluidic applications.