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<p>Improving heat transfer is an extremely significant case in industries such as coolers, solar collectors, heat exchangers and nuclear reactors. Therefore, thermo-physical properties can become progressed by using suitable NFs. During this laboratory checking, after preparing a special and economical type of water–based NF, its thermal conductivity (TC) was investigated. The theory study was also performed to provide a new relationship for SWCNT–TiO<sub>2</sub>–CuO (10:70:20)/water THNF using RSM Within a temperature range of 26–50&#xa0;°C and a solid volume fraction (SVF) of 0.05–1.65%. The consequences illustrate improvement of thermal conductivity enhancement (TCE) in the mentioned THNF. This is because the growth in tertiary NPs enhances TCE by 34.10% at <i>T</i> = 50&#xa0;°C. Although investigation indicates SVF parameter possesses a greater role in increasing TCE, the effect of temperature on Brownian motion intensification and TCE increase cannot be ignored in this study. The presented relationship in this study has a good overlap with the experimental results, which demonstrates authenticity of used method. Conclusions of margin of deviation − 0.78% &lt; MOD &lt; 0.96% also confirm the ability to use the model in future studies.</p>

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Experimental study of thermal conductivity of SWCNT–TiO2–CuO (10:70:20)/water ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) and providing a new equation using response surface methodology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月21日

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  • Mohammad Hemmat Esfe,
  • Soheyl Alidoust,
  • Davood Toghraie,
  • Hossein Hatami

摘要

Improving heat transfer is an extremely significant case in industries such as coolers, solar collectors, heat exchangers and nuclear reactors. Therefore, thermo-physical properties can become progressed by using suitable NFs. During this laboratory checking, after preparing a special and economical type of water–based NF, its thermal conductivity (TC) was investigated. The theory study was also performed to provide a new relationship for SWCNT–TiO2–CuO (10:70:20)/water THNF using RSM Within a temperature range of 26–50 °C and a solid volume fraction (SVF) of 0.05–1.65%. The consequences illustrate improvement of thermal conductivity enhancement (TCE) in the mentioned THNF. This is because the growth in tertiary NPs enhances TCE by 34.10% at T = 50 °C. Although investigation indicates SVF parameter possesses a greater role in increasing TCE, the effect of temperature on Brownian motion intensification and TCE increase cannot be ignored in this study. The presented relationship in this study has a good overlap with the experimental results, which demonstrates authenticity of used method. Conclusions of margin of deviation − 0.78% < MOD < 0.96% also confirm the ability to use the model in future studies.