Enriched nanofluid with IERO process in modified radiator tube for high heat transfer rate

Nanofluids have the potential to improve heat transfer in automobile radiators, but issues such as scale formation in nanofluids, and inefficient tube design limit their effectiveness. Hence, this research introduces an Enriched Nanofluid with IERO process and Waist Tube Heat exchanger to enhance heat transmission in heat exchangers and disables the limitations of conventional nanofluids. The existing nanofluids faces issues with scale generation due to nanoparticle interaction with coolant ions, resulting in lower system efficiency and possible overheating. To address these challenges, the Enriched Nanofluid with IERO approach is used for eliminating the efficiency concerns and the risk of overheating. In this nanofluid contains Al₂O₃ nanoparticles in a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, and it is stabilized with a graphene oxide (GO) surfactant for ensuring optimal dispersion of nanoparticles. The Ion Exchange Reverse Osmosis (IERO) process continues to treat the coolant using Organic Polymers, reducing scale growth and improving coolant purity, which further mitigates overheating risks for improving system efficiency. Moreover, insufficient heat exchange and airflow coverage in the existing wasp waist tubes leads to flow separation of the tube surfaces. Thus, a novel wasp waist elliptic section tube design is implemented with an elliptical back end to reduce flow separation and the airflow line covers a larger area of the tube, thereby improving heat transfer efficiency. As a result, the proposed design surpasses existing heat exchanger designs with a higher pressure drop of 5100 Pa at Reynolds number 6500, heat transfer coefficient of 182 W/m²K, and greatest heat transfer rate of 85 W.