Convective heat transfer analysis of hybrid nanofluid over shrinking/stretching surfaces with velocity slip

This article explores unsteady stagnation point electrohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid flow over a convectively heated shrinking/stretching surface. The heat sink/source and velocity slip scenarios are considered to evaluate the fluid flow. The coupled system of governing partial differential equations is transformed into ordinary differential equations by similarity transformation. MATLAB is used to obtain all the graphical and numerical results in this study utilizing the built-in boundary value problem method. The influence of different parameters, such as the magnetic field, electric field, Prandtl number, heat source, unsteady parameter, and Eckert number, is discussed for velocity and temperature profiles. The outcomes for skin friction and the Nusselt number are presented through graphs and tables. When the magnetic field increases to \(0\le M\le 4\) $0\le M\le 4$ , the skin friction increases, while the Nusselt number decreases between \(0.23\le {\text{Cf}}_{\text{x}}\le 16.79\) $0.23\le {\text{Cf}}_{\text{x}}\le 16.79$ and \(11.74\le {\text{Nu}}_{\text{x}}\le 0.90\) $11.74\le {\text{Nu}}_{\text{x}}\le 0.90$ due to the Lorentz force, which restricts the fluid from flowing and results in an increase in friction and a decrease in heat transfer. A change in the heat source parameter \(0.0\le Q\le 6.0\) $0.0\le Q\le 6.0$ enhances the heat transfer rate, as shown in \(8.02\le {\text{Nu}}_{\text{x}}\le 9.58.\) $8.02\le {\text{Nu}}_{\text{x}}\le 9.58.$ The electric field parameter has the same decreasing influence on skin friction and the Nusselt number. Maximum skin friction occurs when fluid flows unsteadily. The heat transfer rate \(6.11\le {\text{Nu}}_{\text{x}}\le 12.08\) $6.11\le {\text{Nu}}_{\text{x}}\le 12.08$ increases when the Prandtl number of fluid increases between \(6.3\le \text{Pr}\le 8.3\) $6.3\le \text{Pr}\le 8.3$ .