Exploring the thermal efficiency of Fe₃O₄–H₂O flow in a microchannel under the effects of a magnetic field

The primary aim of this study is to numerically investigate the effects of applying a magnetic field generated by five pairs of magnetic sources on the thermal performance and flow behavior of a magnetic nanofluid (Fe₃O₄–H₂O) within a cooling microchannel. This research stands out for its innovative approach in exploring four distinct magnetic field configurations, which vary in orientation, direction and intensity, to comprehensively assess their impact on the heat transfer characteristics and flow dynamics of ferrofluids. This multifaceted approach allows for an in-depth exploration of how each parameter influences the heat transfer and flow behavior of the nanofluid. Previous studies have often focused on a single configuration or limited parameters, whereas this work provides a comprehensive analysis of multiple variables. The findings revealed that increasing the magnetic field intensity and Reynolds number significantly influences convective heat transfer and flow structure. This integrated analysis of how field intensity interacts with flow conditions to enhance heat transfer is a key contribution, highlighting the complex interplay between magnetic effects and fluid dynamics. The comprehensive nature of this research demonstrates that a downwards orientation offers an 80% increase in the thermal transfer efficiency, encompassing a range of magnetic field conditions and Reynolds numbers, and offers new perspectives for optimizing cooling systems via magnetic nanofluids.