Enhancing efficiency in microscale systems with microchannels: a review

Efficiency improvements in systems are essential for reducing energy loss. One effective approach involves utilizing micro- and nanoscale devices that outperform conventional larger systems due to their superior thermal properties. Microchannels (MCHs) are integral to enhancing system thermal performance by increasing heat transfer surface area, making them valuable heat exchangers in microelectronic equipment. MCHs offer benefits like high heat transfer rates, compact size, and minimal coolant requirements. This review study explores fluid flow within micro-devices, covering numerical simulations, experimental methods, and AI modeling. We investigate various MCH flow scenarios and discuss strategies for optimizing heat transfer, such as nanoparticle dispersion, porous media integration, and external magnetic fields. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of optimization to enhance MCH performance and reduce entropy generation, ultimately saving time and cost. Despite MCHs’ advantages, numerous questions remain unanswered, necessitating ongoing research in this field.