Significance of modified Fourier heat flux on Maxwell hybrid (Cu-Al₂O₃/H₂O) nanofluid transport past an inclined stretching cylinder

The objective of this study examines the Maxwell hybrid nanofluid flow model over an inclined, stretched cylinder, incorporating magnetic, thermal stratification, nonlinear convection, heat source/sink, viscous and Ohmic dissipation effects using a modified Fourier heat flux model. Flow analysis is conducted for inclined stretching and shrinking cylinders, with a velocity slip condition on the cylinder’s surface. Thermal stratification is considered when a higher temperature is assumed across the cylinder’s surface than the surrounding fluid. A Maxwell hybrid nanofluid is created by dispersing Cu and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles in H₂O. The mathematical formulation of a nonlinear PDE’s are transformed into dimensionless ODEs, solved numerically using MATLAB’s bvp4c function. The results of temperature and velocity profiles are graphically discussed. The results show that the impacts of the relevant parameters are statistically significant, showing their essential influence on the flow model’s heat transfer rate. Magnetic and Maxwell parameters show lower velocity profiles. The thermal relaxation and heat generation/absorption parameters enhance the thermal profile. Additionally, the stretching cylinder exhibits 13% and 21% greater heat transfer rates than the shrinking cylinder across various values of the nonlinear thermal Grashof number and thermal stratification parameter. These findings have applications in heat transfer, enhanced oil recovery, advanced cooling systems, renewable energy, and biomedical engineering. Validation and comparison with previous findings ensure the research’s validity and correctness, showing notable agreement.