Thermal analysis of Casson nanofluid flow over exponentially/horizontally stretching cylinders with physical conditions

Heat transfer phenomena has become significant in engineering and industrial processes due to application of nanoparticles with enhanced thermal characteristics. The major goal of this study is to examine the heat transfer of Casson nanofluid with the suspension of Copper Cu into the base fluid water in the presence of temperature dependent thermal conductivity, heat source and thermal slip. Casson fluid is a type of non-Newtonian fluid and has gained attention for their distinct rheological properties and has potential practical applications in heat exchangers, food industry, manufacturing processes, biomedical treatments, etc. The flow is considered over horizontal and exponentially stretching cylinders. Nonlinear ordinary differential equations are attained by reforming the governing equations with the contribution of similarity variables. The dimensionless system is solved by MATLAB package \(\text{bvp}4\text{c}\) $\text{bvp}4\text{c}$ . The results are obtained graphically and numerically. Consequences of various dimensionless quantities such as curvature parameter \(k\) $k$ , Eckert number \(\text{Ec}\) $\text{Ec}$ , Casson fluid parameter β, Thermal slip parameter \(\gamma \) $\gamma$ , stretching parameter λ, nano-shapes \(n\) $n$ , heat source parameter \({Q}_{\text{H}}\) $Q_{\text{H}}$ and volume fraction ϕ on temperature and velocity field for both horizontal and exponential cylinders are presented graphically and in tabular form. In this comparative study, we find out that the momentum boundary layer is dominant for exponential cylinder while the thermal boundary layer is more effective for horizontal cylinder as compared to exponential. Moreover, temperature enhances for horizontal and reduces for exponential cylinder with varying values of thermal slip.