Thermal analysis of chemically reactive and radiative hybrid nanofluid flow by a curved stretchable surface with bioconvection

Hybrid nanofluids are advanced heat transfer fluids that combine the benefits of traditional nanofluids with additional features to enhance their performance. These fluids have the potential to reduce energy consumption, improve heat transfer proficiency, and enhance the performance of thermal systems in diverse applications. Current work analyzes bioconvective Darcy–Forchheimer hybrid nanofluid flow by porous curved stretched surface. The thermal field is modeled accounting the effects of dissipation and thermal radiation. Chemical reaction and Arrhenius kinetics are accounted in the mass concentration field. Influence of the magnetic field is considered. Bioconvection phenomenon is taken into account to control the random motion of solid tiny particles of copper (Cu) and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) in hybrid base fluid water (H₂O)–Ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂). Cylindrical nanoparticles with shape factor \(\left( {m = 4.9} \right)\) $\left(m=4.9\right)$ are considered. Boundary layer norms are utilized to acquire the flow governing dimensional equations. Appropriate transformations are utilized to alter the dimensional system into non-dimensional one. Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF-45) method in Mathematica is implemented to explore the effective consequences of involved variables on hybrid nanofluid velocity, motile density, thermal, and concentration fields. Surface drag force, mass, density, and heat transfer rates are tabulated and analyzed. The acquired results depict that the velocity field of hybrid fluid decays through porosity variable and Hartmann number. Motile density of microorganisms diminished versus bioconvection Lewis and Peclet numbers. Intensity of heat transfer boosts via Eckert number and thermal radiation parameter.