Insight into the variations of concentration experiencing leading-edge accretion and thermal analysis: water conveying nanotubes, graphene, and aluminum oxide nanoparticles over a convectively heated surface

The creation of boundary layers, heat and mass transfer mechanisms, flow separation and reattachment, and the beginning of turbulence are some variables that affect the fluctuations in concentration and temperature of fluid flow undergoing leading-edge accretion. Surface roughness associated with leading-edge accretion susceptible to convective heating in aerodynamics. However, when convective heating at the wall is sufficient, more is needed to know about the change in local skin friction coefficients, heat and mass transfer rates, and leading-edge accretion. This study presents the dynamics of a ternary-hybrid nanofluid along a convectively heated surface during leading-edge accretion to determine the impacts of convective and unstable accelerations. The base fluid of the nanofluid is water, while the three nanoparticles are spherical carbon nanotubes, cylindrical graphene, and platelet aluminum oxide. The non-dimensionalized governing equations that describe the transport phenomenon were numerically solved using MATLAB’s built-in solver, bvp4c. Based on the findings, it is reasonable to conclude that the temperature distribution across the ternary-hybrid nanofluid flow increases as the Biot number increases with the leading-edge accretion for \(0\le \gamma \le \pi /2\) $0\le \gamma \le \pi /2$ as a result of an increase in convective acceleration while unsteady acceleration decreases. With increasing leading-edge accretion, the heat transmission rate along the heated border decreases. Temperature and concentration profiles rise as leading-edge accretion rise in the zone of rising convective acceleration and decreasing unsteady acceleration.