Impact of inclination on free convection and entropy generation inside a tilted air-occupied porous quadrantal contour: a numerical study

The allocation of energy through buoyancy, along with the generation of irreversibility, has been examined in a porous, air-filled, quadrantal-shaped enclosure at different inclinations. The contour has a continuous heat source at the lowest wall, while the left and curved walls remain at colder temperature. The results are presented using vortex patterns and non-dimensional temperature distributions, Nusselt number along the hot leading lowermost wall, and the generation of entropy inside the cavity. Adjusting the Rayleigh number (Ra), Darcy number (Da), and inclination angle ( \(\varphi\) $\phi$ ) to values between 10³ and 10⁶, 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻¹, and 15–60°, respectively, allows for the explanations to be prepared. The analysis has revealed that altering these parameters causes noteworthy alterations in the flow dynamics and entropy generation. The prime design for thermal applications is initiated to be a contour with an inclination of 30° attributable to restrained magnitudes of average heat allocation and less establishment of irreversibility.