Numerical simulation of combined convection and radiation heat transfer in a hybrid nanofluid inside an open fins cavity under a magnetic field

This study investigates combined heat transfer by convection and radiation of magnetohydrodynamics hybrid nanofluid within an open rectangular enclosure using numerical simulations. The Roseland approximation serves as the basis for incorporating the thermal radiation term into the energy equation. The chosen nanofluid is a hybrid mixture of Al₂O₃ and MgO nanoparticles suspended in H₂O. Thermal behavior within an enclosure is investigated by analyzing temperature distributions and Nusselt number variations on the bottom hot wall under different conditions. The effects of three factors are explored, including values of parameter radiation (R_k), magnetic field strengths, and nanoparticles volume fractions. The key finding is that the highest full heat transfer ratio on the lowest warm fence occurs when there is no magnetic field (Ha = 0), the radiative parameter is the highest (R = 1), and the hybrid nanoparticle concentration is at its highest level (φ = 0.02 Al₂O₃ + 0.02 MgO).