Investigation of unsteady nanofluid over half infinite domain under the action of parametric effects and EPNM

The EPNM (Effective Prandtl Number Model) is a significant single phase nanofluid model developed for γAl₂O₃/H₂O. This model includes up to quadratic nanoparticles concentration factor which contributes potentially in the performance of γAl₂O₃/H₂O. As, the Al₂O₃ nanoparticles gained much popularity because of their promising properties. Therefore, a new novel model based analysis is conducted in this research through a rotating disc. The influential applications of such geometry exist in brakes, gears, gas turbines and flywheels etc. To make the model more reliable for multiple applications, the essential physical constituents like exponentially growing heat source, normal magnetic field, and Joule heating etc. variations are taken. A comprehensive analysis of the model is then performed via numerical way and interpreted the results. Impacts of Al₂O₃ concentration on the characteristics of nanofluid, thermal behavior, shear drag and heat transport rate are analyzed. In the view of presented study, it is observed that the addition of nanoparticles in the common working fluids potentially affects the basic properties of fluids which make them more influential for the practical applications. The effective Prandtl number increased from 1.00039 to 1.00237, dynamic viscosity from 1.00037 to 1.00442, electrical conductivity from 1.0003 to 1.0018, and heat capacity from 0.999973 to 0.999836 when the Al₂O₃ amount is taken from 0.001 to 0.006%. Further, the temperature performance improved when heating source range selected 0.1–0.7 and it diminishes against \(M=\mathrm{1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0}\) $M=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0$ , and \(\lambda =\mathrm{0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4}\) $\lambda =0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4$ .