Magnetohydrodynamic quadratic convective and radiative heat transfer analysis of magnetite ferrofluid CoFe₂O₄–H₂O in a corner-heated porous square cavity

Ferrofluids are colloidal suspensions made of nanoscale ferromagnetic particles suspended in a base fluid. It has various medical applications like cell separation, drug targeting, magnetic resonance imaging, etc. Due to the wide range of uses for ferrofluids, this investigation looked into the way that how the fluid flows and transfers heat in the presence of thermal radiation, a porous medium, transverse magnetic field, and heat sink or source impacts. The current study examines a unique corner-heated enclosure problem with a quadratic Boussinesq approximation fluid flow and heat transfer under natural convection circumstances. The square cavity of length (L) is considered with hot and cold slits at the opposite–opposite corners, and it is filled with cobalt ferrite CoFe₂O₄–water H₂O ferrofluid. Middle portion of the all the walls is adiabatic. The implications of magnetohydrodynamic are examined employing CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles. The Marker-And-Cell method with finite difference technique is employed for the solution of the dimensionless constitutive equations. In this regard, physics of the problem is well explored for the various parameters such as Rayleigh number (Ra), Darcy number (Da), Hartmann numbers (Ha), solid volume fractions \((\varphi )\) $(\phi )$ , thermal radiation parameter (Rd), nonlinear Boussinesq approximation parameter \((\delta ),\) $(\delta ),$ and inclination angle of the cavity \((\omega )\) $(\omega )$ and are graphically represented. Suspending the CoFe₂O₄ ferroparticles in the base liquid water increases heat transmission by \(14.5\%\) $14.5\%$ . A heat source or sink enhances the fluid velocity and boosts heat transmission by \(91.93\%\) $91.93\%$ .