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Energy, exergy, economic, and sensitivity analyses of an enhanced liquid hydrogen production cycle within an innovative multi-generation system

  • Saman Faramarzi,
  • Pooria Esmat,
  • Ershad Karimi,
  • Seyyed Amirreza Abdollahi

摘要

Over the past decade, there has been a rapid expansion in the utilisation of process integration for incorporating renewable energy sources and energy storage systems (ESSs). Using different methods to achieve an ESS with higher efficiency is important; the originality of this study arises from two key points: initially, it proposes an inventive arrangement to harness geothermal energy for various purposes and store it in Liquid Hydrogen ( \({\text{LH}}_{2}\) LH 2 ). Additionally, it employs cold energy from a geothermal source through a refrigeration cycle to cool down hydrogen gas prior to its entry into the liquefaction cycle. The proposed multi-generation system uses geothermal energy to produce heat (2.5 \({\text{kg s}}^{ - 1}\) kg s - 1 hot water at 60 ℃), fresh water (41 \({\text{kg s}}^{ - 1}\) kg s - 1 at 25 ℃), power (5200 kW) and \({\text{LH}}_{2}\) LH 2 (79 \({\text{kg h}}^{ - 1}\) kg h - 1 at − 253 ℃), including two-stage instant evaporation, Organic Rankine cycle, internal water heater, proton membrane electrolyser, and reverse osmosis unit. This system is analysed from the point of view of energy, exergy, and economy by focusing on the \({\text{LH}}_{2}\) LH 2 production cycle. GA codes are utilised to optimise the \({\text{LH}}_{2}\) LH 2 production cycle. The total annual cost of 1.74 M$ year−1 including \(C_{{\text{CAPEX,a}}} \) C CAPEX,a (1.46 M$), \({\text{C}}_{{{\text{OPEX}},{\text{a}}}}\) C OPEX , a (0.25 M$), and \({\text{C}}_{{{\text{O}}\& {\text{M}},{\text{a}}}}\) C O & M , a (0.03 M$) is calculated for the \({\text{LH}}_{2}\) LH 2 production cycle. Specific liquefaction cost is 2.26 $ kgLH2−1, while the minimum selling price is 2.65 $ kgLH2−1 by considering three years payback period. The \({\text{LH}}_{2}\) LH 2 production cycle has SEC of 8.69 \({\text{kWh kg}}_{{{\text{Lh}}2}}^{ - 1} \) kWh kg Lh 2 - 1 which is less than that of similar small-scale liquefaction processes.

Graphical abstract