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<p>In this research, a series of copper-substituted X-type hexaferrite with chemical composition Sr<sub>2-x</sub> Ni<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>28</sub>O<sub>46</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.0 to 1.0, Δ<i>x</i> = 0.2) was prepared. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of the X-type phase along with W-type (both of which are hexagonal) and hematite (an orthorhombic) phases. FTIR analysis revealed three distinctive absorption bands spanning in the range of 410 cm<sup>−1</sup> to 510 cm<sup>−1</sup>. These bands are attributed to the stretching vibrations of Fe<sup>3+</sup>- O<sup>2</sup><sup>−</sup>, consistent with the formation of the ferrite phase. FESEM micrographs show agglomerated hexagonal plate-like structures with the small polygonal grains spread over the surfaces of these plates. The average grain size increased from 0.5 <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu m\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to 3.4<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\,\mu {m}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mspace width="0.25em" /> <mi>μ</mi> <mi mathvariant="italic">m</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with increasing Cu content up to <i>x</i> = 0.8. Magnetic hysteresis loops of all prepared compositions show a soft magnetic nature (coercivity- <i>H</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> &lt; 500 Oe). Saturation magnetization (<i>M</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>) and remanent magnetization (<i>M</i><sub><i>r</i></sub>) values decreased with increasing Cu-content from <i>x</i> = 0.2 to 1.0. The reduced remanence observed in the substituted compositions opens up exciting avenues for the utilization of copper-substituted Ni<sub>2</sub>X-hexaferrites in transformer cores, inductors, electromagnetic shielding, and magnetic sensors.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Effect of copper substitution on structural, surface morphology, and magnetic characteristics of Ni2X-hexaferrite

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月6日

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  • Tanuj Gupta,
  • Vivek Sangani,
  • Hemal Khatri,
  • Chetna C. Chauhan,
  • Rajshree B. Jotania

摘要

In this research, a series of copper-substituted X-type hexaferrite with chemical composition Sr2-x Ni2CuxFe28O46 (x = 0.0 to 1.0, Δx = 0.2) was prepared. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of the X-type phase along with W-type (both of which are hexagonal) and hematite (an orthorhombic) phases. FTIR analysis revealed three distinctive absorption bands spanning in the range of 410 cm−1 to 510 cm−1. These bands are attributed to the stretching vibrations of Fe3+- O2−, consistent with the formation of the ferrite phase. FESEM micrographs show agglomerated hexagonal plate-like structures with the small polygonal grains spread over the surfaces of these plates. The average grain size increased from 0.5 \(\mu m\) μ m to 3.4 \(\,\mu {m}\) μ m with increasing Cu content up to x = 0.8. Magnetic hysteresis loops of all prepared compositions show a soft magnetic nature (coercivity- Hc < 500 Oe). Saturation magnetization (Ms) and remanent magnetization (Mr) values decreased with increasing Cu-content from x = 0.2 to 1.0. The reduced remanence observed in the substituted compositions opens up exciting avenues for the utilization of copper-substituted Ni2X-hexaferrites in transformer cores, inductors, electromagnetic shielding, and magnetic sensors.

Graphical Abstract