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<p>This article discusses how to experimentally manufacture a suitable and required material combination as an active material (Gain Medium) for lasers made by optical microcavities. Here, the selected materials are Cr<sup>3+</sup>:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Ruby Nanoparticles (NPs) because of the successful laser applications of ruby lasers in macroscopic dimensions. Here, there was a desire to investigate the laser performance of ruby particles in nanometer dimensions. These particles were made at interval of two years and in two different stages in the chemistry laboratory, first by the sol-gel method and then by crushing with a high-speed homogenizer as a creative and innovative approach. The minimum size of the particles in the smallest scale resulting from both methods is around 15 nm. X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) analysis was used to check the crystallinity of the particles, phase of the structure, and their constructive elements. Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) analysis was used to check the luminescence properties of ruby nanoparticles. Also, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) characterization was performed for each reduction step in the size of ruby particles. Results show these ruby (NPs) dimensions exhibit unique properties that are fully mentioned in the text. Therefore, they can be applied as a professional optical microcavity gain medium.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Re-fabrication method of Cr3+:Al2O3–Ruby nanoparticles following the sol-gel fabrication process for optical microcavity laser applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Hamideh Noori Mahtaj,
  • Gholam-Mohammad Parsanasab

摘要

This article discusses how to experimentally manufacture a suitable and required material combination as an active material (Gain Medium) for lasers made by optical microcavities. Here, the selected materials are Cr3+:Al2O3–Ruby Nanoparticles (NPs) because of the successful laser applications of ruby lasers in macroscopic dimensions. Here, there was a desire to investigate the laser performance of ruby particles in nanometer dimensions. These particles were made at interval of two years and in two different stages in the chemistry laboratory, first by the sol-gel method and then by crushing with a high-speed homogenizer as a creative and innovative approach. The minimum size of the particles in the smallest scale resulting from both methods is around 15 nm. X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) analysis was used to check the crystallinity of the particles, phase of the structure, and their constructive elements. Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) analysis was used to check the luminescence properties of ruby nanoparticles. Also, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) characterization was performed for each reduction step in the size of ruby particles. Results show these ruby (NPs) dimensions exhibit unique properties that are fully mentioned in the text. Therefore, they can be applied as a professional optical microcavity gain medium.

Graphical Abstract