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<p>Room-temperature gas sensing using metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) such as WO₃ is often hindered by baseline drift, less sensitivity and slow response and recovery. We have developed WO₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites as the gas sensing materials to address the above challenges. The WO₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites were synthesized by hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study confirmed the formation of monoclinic WO₃ and anatase TiO₂ phases. The field emission scanning electron microscopic images (FESEM) revealed that the WO₃ nanorods with diameters less than 50 nm are uniformly decorated with TiO₂ nanoparticles having sizes less than 20 nm. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) results showed WO<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> hetero-structures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) identified the chemical states and confirmed the formation of WO₃/TiO₂ heterojunctions. Optical characterization using UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy evidenced tuneable bandgap energy in the range of 2.85–3.15 eV. One of the WO<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite based gas sensors showed a response of 78% towards 112 ppm formaldehyde gas. The associated baseline drift was less than 1.0%. The WO₃/TiO₂ nanocomposite based gas sensors demonstrated significant enhancement in the sensitivities. They showed faster responses and recoveries with negligibly small baseline drift compared to pristine WO<sub>3</sub>. They exhibited good stability and reproducibility over a period of twelve weeks even in very humid atmospheres.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Effect of TiO2 content on the baseline drift and room temperature sensitivity of WO3/TiO2 nanocomposite based volatile organic compound gas sensors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月5日

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  • Vishakha Zimba,
  • N. Meghana,
  • Jhasaketan Nayak

摘要

Room-temperature gas sensing using metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) such as WO₃ is often hindered by baseline drift, less sensitivity and slow response and recovery. We have developed WO₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites as the gas sensing materials to address the above challenges. The WO₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites were synthesized by hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study confirmed the formation of monoclinic WO₃ and anatase TiO₂ phases. The field emission scanning electron microscopic images (FESEM) revealed that the WO₃ nanorods with diameters less than 50 nm are uniformly decorated with TiO₂ nanoparticles having sizes less than 20 nm. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) results showed WO3/TiO2 hetero-structures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) identified the chemical states and confirmed the formation of WO₃/TiO₂ heterojunctions. Optical characterization using UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy evidenced tuneable bandgap energy in the range of 2.85–3.15 eV. One of the WO3/TiO2 nanocomposite based gas sensors showed a response of 78% towards 112 ppm formaldehyde gas. The associated baseline drift was less than 1.0%. The WO₃/TiO₂ nanocomposite based gas sensors demonstrated significant enhancement in the sensitivities. They showed faster responses and recoveries with negligibly small baseline drift compared to pristine WO3. They exhibited good stability and reproducibility over a period of twelve weeks even in very humid atmospheres.

Graphical Abstract