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<p>The current study investigates the fabrication of a dual Z-scheme photocatalytic system, <i>i.e</i>., FeCN/ZnSe/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, to effectively remove Congo red (CR) dye. Recently, photocatalysis has gained popularity as a practical wastewater treatment approach due to using solar energy (a renewable energy source). All photocatalysts were synthesized using a simple and cost-effective method, such as thermal polycondensation and the hydrothermal method, to fabricate FeCN and ZnSe, respectively, while the calcination technique was used to construct bare V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. A physical mixing approach was used to form the binary and ternary heterojunctions of FeCN/ZnSe and FeCN/ZnSe/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> heterojunction photocatalyst. By prolonging light absorption ability, lowering the recombination rate, and boosting charge separation efficiency, a dual Z-scheme route upgraded the photocatalytic performance of the ternary heterojunction photocatalyst. PL, EIS, and TPR investigations confirmed the lower recombination and higher charge transference in FeCN/ZnSe/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> ternary heterojunction. The synthesized FeCN/ZnSe/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> ternary heterojunction performed better photocatalytic efficiency towards CR degradation than other photocatalysts, 87% during 60 min of light irradiation. The ESR studies with scavenging investigations also established the crucial part of <sup>•</sup>O<sub>2</sub>⁻ and <sup>•</sup>OH species during photodegradation. Also, recyclability experiments were performed to explore the stability of the synthesized ternary heterojunction photocatalysts, and ~78% removal efficiency was attained after 5 catalytic cycles, indicating its good reusability with stability.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Dual transfer channels in FeCN/ZnSe/V2O5 dual Z-Scheme ternary heterojunctions facilitating efficient degradation of Congo red dye

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月5日

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  • Anita Sudhaik,
  • Rohit Kumar,
  • Pankaj Raizada,
  • Tansir Ahamad,
  • Nhu-Tinh T. Nguyen,
  • Savas Kaya,
  • Konstantin P. Katin,
  • Navven Kumar,
  • Van-Huy Nguyen,
  • Pardeep Singh

摘要

The current study investigates the fabrication of a dual Z-scheme photocatalytic system, i.e., FeCN/ZnSe/V2O5, to effectively remove Congo red (CR) dye. Recently, photocatalysis has gained popularity as a practical wastewater treatment approach due to using solar energy (a renewable energy source). All photocatalysts were synthesized using a simple and cost-effective method, such as thermal polycondensation and the hydrothermal method, to fabricate FeCN and ZnSe, respectively, while the calcination technique was used to construct bare V2O5. A physical mixing approach was used to form the binary and ternary heterojunctions of FeCN/ZnSe and FeCN/ZnSe/V2O5 heterojunction photocatalyst. By prolonging light absorption ability, lowering the recombination rate, and boosting charge separation efficiency, a dual Z-scheme route upgraded the photocatalytic performance of the ternary heterojunction photocatalyst. PL, EIS, and TPR investigations confirmed the lower recombination and higher charge transference in FeCN/ZnSe/V2O5 ternary heterojunction. The synthesized FeCN/ZnSe/V2O5 ternary heterojunction performed better photocatalytic efficiency towards CR degradation than other photocatalysts, 87% during 60 min of light irradiation. The ESR studies with scavenging investigations also established the crucial part of •O2⁻ and •OH species during photodegradation. Also, recyclability experiments were performed to explore the stability of the synthesized ternary heterojunction photocatalysts, and ~78% removal efficiency was attained after 5 catalytic cycles, indicating its good reusability with stability.

Graphical Abstract