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<p>In this work, we synthesized barium calcium M-type hexaferrites (BaCaM) and examined the effect of Cu and Zr doping on its physical and chemical changes. The sol-gel auto-combustion method (SGACM) was employed for the preparation of Ba<sub>0.8</sub>Ca<sub>0.2</sub>Zr<sub>x</sub>Cu<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>12-2x</sub>O<sub>19</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0). The phase purity and structural parameters of Ba<sub>0.8</sub>Ca<sub>0.2</sub>Zr<sub>x</sub>Cu<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>12-2x</sub>O<sub>19</sub> (BaCaZrCuM) were determined using the Rietveld refinement of XRD data. FESEM data revealed the microstructure of the grains and grain sizes. IR absorption bands around 400 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 800 cm<sup>−1</sup> confirm the presence of octahedral and tetrahedral Fe-O sites, respectively, in the samples. Bands in the Raman spectra broadened and decreased in intensity with increasing dopant concentration, consistent with the successful incorporation of dopants within the lattice structure. M-H plots revealed that the magnetization saturation value initially increased up to <i>x</i> = 0.4 (55.06 emu/g) and then decreased up to <i>x</i> = 1.0 (42.13 emu/g). The value of H<sub>c</sub> decreased with increasing Cu and Zr concentration. The ε (dielectric constant) decreased with increasing frequency and decreased at low frequencies with increasing dopant concentration. Dielectric loss was also found to be reduced at higher frequency in the <i>x</i> = 0.4 sample, thus showing different behavior than other concentrations. These materials have potential applications in magnetic recording, permanent magnets and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding.</p><p></p>

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Sol-gel auto-combustion method for the synthesis and investigation of Zr4+/Cu2+ doped barium calcium M-type hexaferrites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月25日

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  • Sachin Kumar Godara,
  • Mandeep Bhadan,
  • Arun Badal,
  • Baljinder Singh,
  • Ashwani Kumar Sood,
  • Saad M. Alshehri,
  • Abhishek Kandwal,
  • Anju,
  • Gurpreet Singh,
  • Mandeep Singh

摘要

In this work, we synthesized barium calcium M-type hexaferrites (BaCaM) and examined the effect of Cu and Zr doping on its physical and chemical changes. The sol-gel auto-combustion method (SGACM) was employed for the preparation of Ba0.8Ca0.2ZrxCuxFe12-2xO19 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0). The phase purity and structural parameters of Ba0.8Ca0.2ZrxCuxFe12-2xO19 (BaCaZrCuM) were determined using the Rietveld refinement of XRD data. FESEM data revealed the microstructure of the grains and grain sizes. IR absorption bands around 400 cm−1 and 800 cm−1 confirm the presence of octahedral and tetrahedral Fe-O sites, respectively, in the samples. Bands in the Raman spectra broadened and decreased in intensity with increasing dopant concentration, consistent with the successful incorporation of dopants within the lattice structure. M-H plots revealed that the magnetization saturation value initially increased up to x = 0.4 (55.06 emu/g) and then decreased up to x = 1.0 (42.13 emu/g). The value of Hc decreased with increasing Cu and Zr concentration. The ε (dielectric constant) decreased with increasing frequency and decreased at low frequencies with increasing dopant concentration. Dielectric loss was also found to be reduced at higher frequency in the x = 0.4 sample, thus showing different behavior than other concentrations. These materials have potential applications in magnetic recording, permanent magnets and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding.