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<p>In this study, phase-pure hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings co-substituted with silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) were developed on Ti-6Al-4V substrates using a sol–gel method, targeting orthopedic and dental load-bearing applications. XRD and FTIR confirmed the retention of a hexagonal apatite structure upon doping, while progressive Si incorporation (0–6 wt.%) led to a notable decrease in crystallite size. FESEM images revealed that coatings prepared with Si and Zn ions had dense nano-grain morphologies (30–42 nm) and enhanced surfaces, and EDX verified successful elemental integration. The 5Zn/HA/4Si composition demonstrated exceptional adhesion strength (47.29 ± 0.8 MPa), maintaining 43.64 ± 1.0 MPa after 15-day immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), outperforming pure HA by over 2-fold. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed a significant enhancement in charge-transfer resistance (R<sub>ct</sub> = 2.15 MΩ × cm<sup>2</sup>), surpassing benchmarks from existing HA-based coatings. In vitro cell assays using MG-63 osteoblast-like cells indicated enhanced proliferation, with 5Zn/HA/4Si achieving a 107% increase over 72 h. These findings demonstrate that co-doping HA with Si and Zn synergistically enhances mechanical integrity, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, making 5Zn/HA/4Si a strong candidate for next-generation implant coatings.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Tailoring silicon/zinc co-doped hydroxyapatite coatings via sol–gel route: a multifunctional strategy for high-adhesion and cytocompatible load-bearing implants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月24日

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  • Ibrahim Saeed Gataa,
  • Luma Hussain Saleh,
  • P. Jangir,
  • G. PadmaPriya,
  • Subhashree Ray,
  • Amrita Pal,
  • Vimal Arora,
  • Mutabar Latipova,
  • Ruslanbek Siddikov,
  • Khursheed Muzammil,
  • Zeba Siddiqui

摘要

In this study, phase-pure hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings co-substituted with silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) were developed on Ti-6Al-4V substrates using a sol–gel method, targeting orthopedic and dental load-bearing applications. XRD and FTIR confirmed the retention of a hexagonal apatite structure upon doping, while progressive Si incorporation (0–6 wt.%) led to a notable decrease in crystallite size. FESEM images revealed that coatings prepared with Si and Zn ions had dense nano-grain morphologies (30–42 nm) and enhanced surfaces, and EDX verified successful elemental integration. The 5Zn/HA/4Si composition demonstrated exceptional adhesion strength (47.29 ± 0.8 MPa), maintaining 43.64 ± 1.0 MPa after 15-day immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), outperforming pure HA by over 2-fold. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed a significant enhancement in charge-transfer resistance (Rct = 2.15 MΩ × cm2), surpassing benchmarks from existing HA-based coatings. In vitro cell assays using MG-63 osteoblast-like cells indicated enhanced proliferation, with 5Zn/HA/4Si achieving a 107% increase over 72 h. These findings demonstrate that co-doping HA with Si and Zn synergistically enhances mechanical integrity, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, making 5Zn/HA/4Si a strong candidate for next-generation implant coatings.

Graphical Abstract