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<p>The manufacturing of magnetic nanomaterials for production of green hydrogen is a promising answer to increasing difficulties of energy scarcity and environmental pollution. In this work, Co and Ga doped Ni-Zn-Cu catalysts, i.e., Ni<sub>0.6</sub>Zn<sub>0.1-x</sub>Cu<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>y</sub>Fe<sub>2-y</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = y = 0.00–0.03) were fabricated via the inorganic sol-gel auto-combustion (SGAC) route. The development of cubic, aggregated, and spherical grains with in the range of 2 to 2.4 μm size were found through FESEM images. The M-H loops depicted the retentivity (M<sub>r</sub>), coercivity (H<sub>c</sub>), and saturation magnetization (M<sub>s</sub>), in the range of 7.61–25.13 emu/g, 0.12–1.35 Oe, and 49.27 to 55.42 emu/g, respectively. When used for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen, the total hydrogen yield for the Ni<sub>0.6</sub>Zn<sub>0.1</sub>Cu<sub>0.3</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = y = 0.00), Ni<sub>0.6</sub>Zn<sub>0.09</sub>Cu<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.01</sub>Ga<sub>0.01</sub>Fe<sub>1.99</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = y = 0.01), Ni<sub>0.6</sub>Zn<sub>0.08</sub>Cu<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.02</sub>Ga<sub>0.02</sub>Fe<sub>1.98</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = y = 0.02), and Ni<sub>0.6</sub>Zn<sub>0.07</sub>Cu<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.03</sub>Ga<sub>0.03</sub>Fe<sub>1.97</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = y = 0.03) catalysts after four hours were 13.95, 14.15, 18.38 and <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(19.91 {\rm{mmol}}{{\rm{g}}}_{{\rm{cat}}}^{-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>19.91</mn> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <msubsup> <mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, respectively. The Ni<sub>0.6</sub>Zn<sub>0.07</sub>Cu<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.03</sub>Ga<sub>0.03</sub>Fe<sub>1.97</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = y = 0.03) photocatalyst displays the maximum photocatalytic efficiency of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(19.91{\rm{mmol}}{{\rm{g}}}_{{\rm{cat}}}^{-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>19.91</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">mmol</mi> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">cat</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. However, the Ni<sub>0.6</sub>Zn<sub>0.08</sub>Cu<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.02</sub>Ga<sub>0.02</sub>Fe<sub>1.98</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = y = 0.02) specimen also shows the maximum electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rate. Hence, the cobalt and gallium doping played a significant role in enhancing the water splitting efficiency of Ni-Zn-Cu ferrites which holds great potential in green hydrogen generation.</p><p></p>

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High performance Ni-Zn-Cu catalysts for photo and electro water splitting green hydrogen generation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Rohit Jasrotia,
  • Basant Lal,
  • Mohd Fazil,
  • Jahangeer Ahmed,
  • Tokeer Ahmad,
  • Saad M. Alshehri,
  • Natrayan Lakshmaiya,
  • Suman,
  • Anant Vidya Nidhi,
  • M. Ashraf Bujran

摘要

The manufacturing of magnetic nanomaterials for production of green hydrogen is a promising answer to increasing difficulties of energy scarcity and environmental pollution. In this work, Co and Ga doped Ni-Zn-Cu catalysts, i.e., Ni0.6Zn0.1-xCu0.3CoxGayFe2-yO4 (x = y = 0.00–0.03) were fabricated via the inorganic sol-gel auto-combustion (SGAC) route. The development of cubic, aggregated, and spherical grains with in the range of 2 to 2.4 μm size were found through FESEM images. The M-H loops depicted the retentivity (Mr), coercivity (Hc), and saturation magnetization (Ms), in the range of 7.61–25.13 emu/g, 0.12–1.35 Oe, and 49.27 to 55.42 emu/g, respectively. When used for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen, the total hydrogen yield for the Ni0.6Zn0.1Cu0.3Fe2O4 (x = y = 0.00), Ni0.6Zn0.09Cu0.3Co0.01Ga0.01Fe1.99O4 (x = y = 0.01), Ni0.6Zn0.08Cu0.3Co0.02Ga0.02Fe1.98O4 (x = y = 0.02), and Ni0.6Zn0.07Cu0.3Co0.03Ga0.03Fe1.97O4 (x = y = 0.03) catalysts after four hours were 13.95, 14.15, 18.38 and \(19.91 {\rm{mmol}}{{\rm{g}}}_{{\rm{cat}}}^{-1}\) 19.91 m m o l g c a t − 1 , respectively. The Ni0.6Zn0.07Cu0.3Co0.03Ga0.03Fe1.97O4 (x = y = 0.03) photocatalyst displays the maximum photocatalytic efficiency of \(19.91{\rm{mmol}}{{\rm{g}}}_{{\rm{cat}}}^{-1}\) 19.91 mmol g cat − 1 . However, the Ni0.6Zn0.08Cu0.3Co0.02Ga0.02Fe1.98O4 (x = y = 0.02) specimen also shows the maximum electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rate. Hence, the cobalt and gallium doping played a significant role in enhancing the water splitting efficiency of Ni-Zn-Cu ferrites which holds great potential in green hydrogen generation.