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<p>This study reports the synthesis and characterization of eco-friendly gum/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> hydrogel beads for the efficient removal of methylene blue (MB) and methyl violet (MV) dyes from aqueous solutions in batch and continuous systems. The beads, characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and VSM, exhibited maximum adsorption capacities of 0.268 mmol/g for MB and 0.277 mmol/g for MV at pH 9, with removal efficiencies exceeding 97% in batch experiments. Adsorption followed the Freundlich isotherm and double-exponential kinetic model, indicating heterogeneous surface adsorption and dual-stage diffusion. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed a spontaneous, exothermic process (ΔG &lt; 0). In fixed-bed column tests, breakthrough times were 364 min for MB and 660 min for MV, with dye removal efficiencies of 41.6% and 55.4%, respectively. The beads retained over 90% adsorption capacity after eight cycles, demonstrating excellent reusability. These findings highlight gum/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> hydrogel beads as a sustainable, high-performance adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment.</p><p></p>

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Synthesis and characterization of gum/Fe3O4 nano-bioadsorbent for removing methylene blue and methyl violet in batch and continuous systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月6日

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  • Anjan Kumar,
  • Dharmesh Sur,
  • Norah Algethami,
  • Akhilesh Kumar Yadav,
  • Soumya V. Menon,
  • Abhayveer Singh,
  • Karthikeyan Jayabalan,
  • Rajashree Panigrahi

摘要

This study reports the synthesis and characterization of eco-friendly gum/Fe3O4 hydrogel beads for the efficient removal of methylene blue (MB) and methyl violet (MV) dyes from aqueous solutions in batch and continuous systems. The beads, characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and VSM, exhibited maximum adsorption capacities of 0.268 mmol/g for MB and 0.277 mmol/g for MV at pH 9, with removal efficiencies exceeding 97% in batch experiments. Adsorption followed the Freundlich isotherm and double-exponential kinetic model, indicating heterogeneous surface adsorption and dual-stage diffusion. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed a spontaneous, exothermic process (ΔG < 0). In fixed-bed column tests, breakthrough times were 364 min for MB and 660 min for MV, with dye removal efficiencies of 41.6% and 55.4%, respectively. The beads retained over 90% adsorption capacity after eight cycles, demonstrating excellent reusability. These findings highlight gum/Fe3O4 hydrogel beads as a sustainable, high-performance adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment.