<p>In this work a simple methodology was developed by means of a citric acid-assisted sol-gel process for the synthesis of mixed oxides Ln<sub>2/3</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Gd, Er, Tm, and Yb) and Ce<sub>1/2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub>. To obtain Ce<sub>1/2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, a study was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, monitoring the evolution of both the surface chemical groups, forbidden gap width energy, as well as the crystalline phases present in the material as a function of the calcination temperature. The optimal temperature (which allows a high phase purity ~90%) of calcination to obtain the double perovskites was found to be 1070 °C. The other samples of Ln<sub>2/3</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Gd, Er, Tm, and Yb) were treated at this temperature obtaining mainly a type A double perovskite structure, as evidenced by XRD and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). As a complement to the XRD, Raman spectroscopy was used to explore the characteristic vibrational modes of type-A double perovskites, with the spectra being assigned via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, this work proposes a commercial, scalable, and economic sol-gel-based methodology, which is extremely useful in the synthesis of complex ceramic compounds constituted by multiple metallic species.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Facile sol-gel synthesis, structural properties, and characterization of copper titanate-based double perovskites modified with lanthanides

  • Sergio Eduardo Negrete-Duran,
  • Edgar Giovanny Villabona-Leal,
  • Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
  • Javier Alanis Pérez,
  • Mildred Quintana,
  • Ángel Gabriel Rodríguez Vázquez,
  • Hugo R. Navarro-Contreras

摘要

In this work a simple methodology was developed by means of a citric acid-assisted sol-gel process for the synthesis of mixed oxides Ln2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Gd, Er, Tm, and Yb) and Ce1/2Cu3Ti4O12. To obtain Ce1/2Cu3Ti4O12, a study was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, monitoring the evolution of both the surface chemical groups, forbidden gap width energy, as well as the crystalline phases present in the material as a function of the calcination temperature. The optimal temperature (which allows a high phase purity ~90%) of calcination to obtain the double perovskites was found to be 1070 °C. The other samples of Ln2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Gd, Er, Tm, and Yb) were treated at this temperature obtaining mainly a type A double perovskite structure, as evidenced by XRD and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). As a complement to the XRD, Raman spectroscopy was used to explore the characteristic vibrational modes of type-A double perovskites, with the spectra being assigned via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, this work proposes a commercial, scalable, and economic sol-gel-based methodology, which is extremely useful in the synthesis of complex ceramic compounds constituted by multiple metallic species.

Graphical Abstract