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<p>ZnW<sub>1-x</sub>Sn<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> samples were fabricated through the hydrothermal method. The X-ray diffraction data were evaluated and the variations in the structural parameters due to Sn-doping were analyzed using the Rietveld refinement approach. Upon the incorporation of Sn, the analysis revealed augmented distortions in both Zn- and W-octahedra; the zinc octahedra exhibited a more symmetric arrangement and a larger volume of 12.0 Å<sup>3</sup>, whereas the tungsten octahedra demonstrated a reduced volume of 9.297 Å<sup>3</sup> along with a large degree of distortion. The assessment of the obtained Raman data supported the distortion in the WO<sub>6</sub> octahedra due to Sn-doping, as evidenced by the shifting and splitting of vibrational modes. The chemical composition and oxidation states of the constituent elements were examined employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The bandgap energies were determined to be 3.93, 3.99, 3.93, 3.92, and 3.86 eV for Sn content of <i>x</i> = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.1, respectively. The photoluminescence intensity was nearly entirely reduced as a result of doping, providing an ideal charge separation beneficial for photocatalytic enhancement. Nano ZnW<sub>1-x</sub>Sn<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> samples are considered efficient catalysts for hydrogen generation by the application of sodium borohydride (NaBH<sub>4</sub>). ZnWO<sub>4</sub> exhibited the highest production rate of 329 mL min<sup>−1</sup>g<sup>−1</sup> at room temperature.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Investigating the impact of Sn doping on the structural and optical features of ZnWO4; probing the catalytic efficiency in improving NaBH4 hydrolysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月15日

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  • Zein K. Heiba,
  • M. M. Ghannam,
  • Noura M. Farag,
  • Ali Badawi,
  • Mohamed Bakr Mohamed

摘要

ZnW1-xSnxO4 samples were fabricated through the hydrothermal method. The X-ray diffraction data were evaluated and the variations in the structural parameters due to Sn-doping were analyzed using the Rietveld refinement approach. Upon the incorporation of Sn, the analysis revealed augmented distortions in both Zn- and W-octahedra; the zinc octahedra exhibited a more symmetric arrangement and a larger volume of 12.0 Å3, whereas the tungsten octahedra demonstrated a reduced volume of 9.297 Å3 along with a large degree of distortion. The assessment of the obtained Raman data supported the distortion in the WO6 octahedra due to Sn-doping, as evidenced by the shifting and splitting of vibrational modes. The chemical composition and oxidation states of the constituent elements were examined employing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The bandgap energies were determined to be 3.93, 3.99, 3.93, 3.92, and 3.86 eV for Sn content of x = 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.1, respectively. The photoluminescence intensity was nearly entirely reduced as a result of doping, providing an ideal charge separation beneficial for photocatalytic enhancement. Nano ZnW1-xSnxO4 samples are considered efficient catalysts for hydrogen generation by the application of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). ZnWO4 exhibited the highest production rate of 329 mL min−1g−1 at room temperature.

Graphical Abstract