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<p>This study explores the impact of zirconium (Zr<sup>4+</sup>) substitution on the structural, magnetic, and antibacterial properties of copper ferrite (CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The synthesis approach ensured uniform composition and controlled stoichiometry. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel phase with average crystallite sizes ranging from 30 to 50 nm. Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed cube-shaped particles with sizes ranging from 13 to 17 nm and significant agglomeration due to magnetic interactions. Magnetic characterization showed a decrease in magnetization (Ms) with increasing Zr<sup>4+</sup> concentration, attributed to the introduction of non-magnetic ions, while coercivity (Hc) remained moderate, indicating suitability for biomedical applications. Antibacterial testing demonstrated enhanced activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with Zr<sup>4+</sup> substitution, suggesting improved surface interaction and ion release mechanisms. These findings highlight the potential of Zr<sup>4+</sup>-doped CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles as a promising candidate to address challenges in combating bacterial resistance, with implications for biomedical and environmental applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Effect of Zr4+ dopants on micro-structural and antibacterial characteristics of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles produced via sol-gel auto combustion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月26日

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  • Apparao R. Chavan,
  • Shivaji B. Bhosale,
  • Sandeep B. Somvanshi,
  • Pankaj P. Khirade

摘要

This study explores the impact of zirconium (Zr4+) substitution on the structural, magnetic, and antibacterial properties of copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The synthesis approach ensured uniform composition and controlled stoichiometry. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a cubic spinel phase with average crystallite sizes ranging from 30 to 50 nm. Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed cube-shaped particles with sizes ranging from 13 to 17 nm and significant agglomeration due to magnetic interactions. Magnetic characterization showed a decrease in magnetization (Ms) with increasing Zr4+ concentration, attributed to the introduction of non-magnetic ions, while coercivity (Hc) remained moderate, indicating suitability for biomedical applications. Antibacterial testing demonstrated enhanced activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with Zr4+ substitution, suggesting improved surface interaction and ion release mechanisms. These findings highlight the potential of Zr4+-doped CuFe2O4 nanoparticles as a promising candidate to address challenges in combating bacterial resistance, with implications for biomedical and environmental applications.

Graphical Abstract