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<p>The uranium distribution in groundwater in a decommissioned uranium-mining area, Guangdong Province, China, was analyzed via hydrochemical analysis, principal component analysis, and random forest regression. The groundwater was slightly acidic to near-neutral, with low mineralization. The dominant hydrochemical was HCO<sub>3</sub>-Ca. The uranium concentration was 0.14–24.2&#xa0;μg&#xa0;L<sup>−1</sup>, exhibiting spatial heterogeneity and decreasing along the flow path. Uranium levels were associated with SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> levels, and sulfate-related processes and cation exchange may be related to uranium mobility. SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, in decreasing order of importance, were the primary predictors of uranium concentration. Considering the HCO<sub>3</sub>–Ca hydrochemical background and historical sulfuric acid heap leaching, carbonate complexation, sulfate-related processes, and cation exchange may jointly influence groundwater uranium mobility. These findings provide a basis for controlling uranium pollution and ensuring the ecological safety of groundwater around uranium-mining areas.</p>

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The spatial distribution and influencing factors of uranium based on RF model in groundwater of a decommissioned uranium mining area

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Chengming Xiong,
  • Yuanyuan Liu,
  • Bai Gao,
  • Mingqiang Gao,
  • Sisi Li,
  • Wenjie Ma,
  • Dandan Huang,
  • Dongyu Liu,
  • Yuchen Fu

摘要

The uranium distribution in groundwater in a decommissioned uranium-mining area, Guangdong Province, China, was analyzed via hydrochemical analysis, principal component analysis, and random forest regression. The groundwater was slightly acidic to near-neutral, with low mineralization. The dominant hydrochemical was HCO3-Ca. The uranium concentration was 0.14–24.2 μg L−1, exhibiting spatial heterogeneity and decreasing along the flow path. Uranium levels were associated with SO42− levels, and sulfate-related processes and cation exchange may be related to uranium mobility. SO42−, Na+, and Ca2+, in decreasing order of importance, were the primary predictors of uranium concentration. Considering the HCO3–Ca hydrochemical background and historical sulfuric acid heap leaching, carbonate complexation, sulfate-related processes, and cation exchange may jointly influence groundwater uranium mobility. These findings provide a basis for controlling uranium pollution and ensuring the ecological safety of groundwater around uranium-mining areas.