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<p>This study investigates the potential of samarium (Sm)- and gadolinium (Gd)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles as novel radiosensitizers to enhance radiation dose delivery in clinical radiotherapy. Leveraging the high atomic numbers of Sm and Gd, these nanoparticles increase ionization within tumors, improving radiation effectiveness while sparing surrounding healthy tissues. TiO₂ nanoparticles, known for their photocatalytic properties, further enhance radiosensitization by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon irradiation. The nanoparticles were synthesized via a cost-effective solvothermal method and characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for crystal structure and phase composition, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and High-Resolution TEM (HR-TEM) for morphological analysis and nanostructure imaging, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) for elemental composition and oxidation state determination. Their performance was evaluated under clinical radiotherapy conditions, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Results demonstrated that Sm-doped TiO₂ (TiO₂:Sm) consistently outperformed Gd-doped TiO₂ (TiO₂:Gd), achieving up to a 14.27% dose increase with 12 MeV electron beams. The highest dose enhancements were observed at shorter source-to-measurement point distances (SMPDs), with consistent performance across varying field sizes. Clinical simulations confirmed the potential of TiO₂:Sm for improving tumor targeting efficiency, particularly in prostate cancer radiotherapy, although efficacy varied in stereotactic treatments. These findings position TiO₂:Sm as a promising radiosensitizer, offering a pathway toward more effective and personalized cancer treatments. By enhancing local dose deposition and minimizing damage to healthy tissues, TiO₂:Sm nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize radiotherapy protocols and improve patient outcomes.</p>

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Superior radiosensitization with samarium-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles: enhanced dose delivery and clinical potential in radiotherapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Omar Gahbiche,
  • Ridha Ajjel,
  • Tariq Altalhi,
  • Amine Mezni

摘要

This study investigates the potential of samarium (Sm)- and gadolinium (Gd)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles as novel radiosensitizers to enhance radiation dose delivery in clinical radiotherapy. Leveraging the high atomic numbers of Sm and Gd, these nanoparticles increase ionization within tumors, improving radiation effectiveness while sparing surrounding healthy tissues. TiO₂ nanoparticles, known for their photocatalytic properties, further enhance radiosensitization by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon irradiation. The nanoparticles were synthesized via a cost-effective solvothermal method and characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for crystal structure and phase composition, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and High-Resolution TEM (HR-TEM) for morphological analysis and nanostructure imaging, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) for elemental composition and oxidation state determination. Their performance was evaluated under clinical radiotherapy conditions, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Results demonstrated that Sm-doped TiO₂ (TiO₂:Sm) consistently outperformed Gd-doped TiO₂ (TiO₂:Gd), achieving up to a 14.27% dose increase with 12 MeV electron beams. The highest dose enhancements were observed at shorter source-to-measurement point distances (SMPDs), with consistent performance across varying field sizes. Clinical simulations confirmed the potential of TiO₂:Sm for improving tumor targeting efficiency, particularly in prostate cancer radiotherapy, although efficacy varied in stereotactic treatments. These findings position TiO₂:Sm as a promising radiosensitizer, offering a pathway toward more effective and personalized cancer treatments. By enhancing local dose deposition and minimizing damage to healthy tissues, TiO₂:Sm nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize radiotherapy protocols and improve patient outcomes.