Radon as an earthquake precursor: a machine learning case study from the Garhwal Himalaya, NW India
摘要
This study evaluates soil-emitted radon (222Rn) as a short-term earthquake precursor using neural network and regression on decade-long data from the Garhwal Himalaya. The neural network model yielded higher predictive accuracy (R ≈ 0.91–0.92) than the multi-layer regression model (R ≈ 0.85), reflecting its strength in capturing the nonlinear behaviour. Statistically defined radon anomalies—exceeding ± 2σ from the modelled baseline—often preceded moderate earthquakes (Mw ≥ 3.0) by several days. These findings suggest that radon monitoring, integrated with data-driven models, can provide valuable short-term precursory information. The work highlights potential for reliable, data-driven earthquake forecasting in seismically active regions.