Chlorine concentration detection in concrete using PGNAA: system optimization with NSGA-II and concentration prediction with multilayer perceptron
摘要
Chlorine-induced corrosion is one of the primary causes of mechanical deterioration in cement concrete structures. This study presents a comparative evaluation of the performance of commonly employed neutron sources (241Am-Be, 252Cf, DD, and DT). Consequently, the DD neutron generator demonstrated superior performance, exhibiting a normalized sensitivity and a signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio at a 10 cm corrosion depth that were 35.5 and 70.5% higher than those of the 252Cf neutron source. Furthermore, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) deep learning model was developed to establish the mapping between the chlorine concentration distribution and the prompt γ-ray intensities from the (n,γ) reaction using a DD neutron generator. The prediction accuracy, as represented by the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2), was 0.068, 0.013, and 0.999, respectively.