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<p>The sodium waste stream has been immobilized into cementitous waste form with simultaneously high waste loading and chemical durability. The incorporation of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (5–15&#xa0;wt.%) with growth of CaCO<sub>3</sub> slow down the formation of C–S–H gel, while the higher amount of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> incorporation ratio (20–30&#xa0;wt.%) leverages pH elevation and confined carbonate diffusion to enhance hydrated silica formation and silicate diversity. Compressive strength above 10&#xa0;MPa and 7&#xa0;MPa before and post freeze-thaw test can be achieved, with the long term Cs release rate around 5&#xa0;mg/(m<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;d) can be seen, suggesting the robustness of the cementitous waste form.</p>

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Microstructure evolution and chemical stability of cementitious waste form for high sodium waste stream

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月15日

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  • Yi Zhang,
  • Minghao Zhao,
  • Yu Gu,
  • Shengdong Zhang,
  • Liang Xian,
  • Haoqi Long,
  • Kun Yang

摘要

The sodium waste stream has been immobilized into cementitous waste form with simultaneously high waste loading and chemical durability. The incorporation of Na2CO3 (5–15 wt.%) with growth of CaCO3 slow down the formation of C–S–H gel, while the higher amount of Na2CO3 incorporation ratio (20–30 wt.%) leverages pH elevation and confined carbonate diffusion to enhance hydrated silica formation and silicate diversity. Compressive strength above 10 MPa and 7 MPa before and post freeze-thaw test can be achieved, with the long term Cs release rate around 5 mg/(m2 d) can be seen, suggesting the robustness of the cementitous waste form.