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<p>Radiolabelled radiopaque nanoparticles integrate radioactive isotopes with high-atomic-number cores, enabling precise visualization in dual-modal imaging platforms such as PET/CT, SPECT/CT, and CT/photoacoustic imaging. This review highlights synthesis strategies, including core–shell architectures, surface functionalization, and radiolabelling techniques, ensuring optimal stability, biocompatibility, and signal sensitivity. Mechanistic insights into biodistribution, targeting, and multimodal contrast generation are discussed, emphasizing synergistic benefits over single-modality probes. Biomedical applications span cancer diagnosis, image-guided therapy, and real-time treatment monitoring. The integration of radiopacity with radiolabelling offers enhanced anatomical and functional imaging, paving the way for next-generation nanotheranostic platforms with improved accuracy, safety, and clinical translational potential.</p>

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Radiolabelled radiopaque nanoparticles for dual-modal imaging: synthesis methods, mechanisms, and biomedical applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Sobia Naseem,
  • Muhammad Rizwan,
  • Syeda Rubina Gillani

摘要

Radiolabelled radiopaque nanoparticles integrate radioactive isotopes with high-atomic-number cores, enabling precise visualization in dual-modal imaging platforms such as PET/CT, SPECT/CT, and CT/photoacoustic imaging. This review highlights synthesis strategies, including core–shell architectures, surface functionalization, and radiolabelling techniques, ensuring optimal stability, biocompatibility, and signal sensitivity. Mechanistic insights into biodistribution, targeting, and multimodal contrast generation are discussed, emphasizing synergistic benefits over single-modality probes. Biomedical applications span cancer diagnosis, image-guided therapy, and real-time treatment monitoring. The integration of radiopacity with radiolabelling offers enhanced anatomical and functional imaging, paving the way for next-generation nanotheranostic platforms with improved accuracy, safety, and clinical translational potential.