<p>Indoor radon is a common source of problems related to public safety and health. It endangers human health and is one of the major causes of lung cancer. In the present study, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted to investigate the level of public knowledge regarding indoor radon in China. The data collected in the analysis revealed that the radon knowledge level of the public was related to various demographic factors, namely sex, age, health level, marriage, living environment, and education. After receiving additional knowledge regarding radioactivity, the public would develop positive attitudes and undertake effective measures to reduce the risk of indoor radon contamination. Marriage, age, health status, and other factors exhibited statistically significant correlations to the knowledge regarding the risk of indoor radon. Given the above-stated problems, the research group proposes effective recommendations to assist in raising public awareness of radon and improving indoor air quality. The trend of increasing indoor radon levels in China in recent years warrants a detailed study. This survey aims to assess the Chinese public’s understanding of radioactivity and serve as a valuable reference for shaping policies aimed at mitigating the risks associated with radon radiation in the country.</p>