<p>Polymer materials are widely used in high-end fields such as electronics and electrical engineering, aerospace, etc., but their flammability brings serious safety hazards. Benzoxazine resins, as a new type of thermosetting materials with excellent comprehensive performance, have attracted much attention in the field of high-performance flame retardancy due to their inherent nitrogen-containing structure, high heat resistance, low curing shrinkage rate and good molecular designability. Although commercial benzoxazines have certain flame retardant properties, they still need to be upgraded towards high efficiency, low toxicity, halogen-free and sustainable directions under extreme working conditions and green environmental protection requirements. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of benzoxazine flame retardant materials. Firstly, it introduces mainstream flame retardant test methods such as UL-94, limiting oxygen index, microcalorimetry and cone calorimetry, and expounds the synergistic flame retardant mechanism of gas-phase radical quenching and condensed-phase char formation barrier. It focuses on summarizing the flame retardant construction strategies such as halogen-based, phosphorus-based, bio-based, and hetero-element modification, as well as copolymerization and blending, and analyzes the advantages and limitations of each strategy. It points out that current research is gradually abandoning toxic halogen-based systems and turning to green and efficient routes such as phosphorus-nitrogen synergy, bio-based intrinsic flame retardancy, and multi-element synergy. Finally, it looks forward to the development trends of benzoxazine flame retardant materials in terms of precise structural design, multi-mechanism synergy analysis, low smoke and low toxicity control, and multi-functional integration, aiming to provide a systematic reference for the research and application of sustainable high-performance benzoxazine flame retardant materials.</p>