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<p>Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) enable clean energy generation in fuel cells by producing only water as a by-product. They significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and support the transition to a sustainable, hydrogen-based energy system. In this study, Gamma radiation was used to graft acrylonitrile (AN) and sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) onto ETFE backbone to create a proton exchange membrane. The grafting yield was 20–50% at a monomer ratio of 8:1 (AN: SSS), a radiation dose of 50&#xa0;kGy, and a reaction time of 4&#xa0;h. The degree of grafting (DG) rose in tandem with the amount of AN in the monomer mixture. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride was used to further modify the films in order to create the amidoximated membrane. The produced membranes were analyzed using FTIR, TGA, SEM and DMA. The ETFE-g-AN-SSS membrane and amidoximated membrane were analyzed for proton conductivity, water absorption, oxidative stability, ion exchange capacity and mechanical properties. They displayed good mechanical and thermal stability characteristics. They also had good ion exchange capacity, water absorption, oxidative stability and proton conductivity.</p>

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Preparation and characterization of a proton exchange membrane from sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) and acrylonitrile grafted ETFE film

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Omme Maksutha Sultana,
  • Nazia Rahman,
  • Md Nabul Sardar,
  • Shahnaz Sultana,
  • Md Shamsuzzoha,
  • A. K. M. Akther Hossain,
  • M. F. Alam

摘要

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) enable clean energy generation in fuel cells by producing only water as a by-product. They significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and support the transition to a sustainable, hydrogen-based energy system. In this study, Gamma radiation was used to graft acrylonitrile (AN) and sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) onto ETFE backbone to create a proton exchange membrane. The grafting yield was 20–50% at a monomer ratio of 8:1 (AN: SSS), a radiation dose of 50 kGy, and a reaction time of 4 h. The degree of grafting (DG) rose in tandem with the amount of AN in the monomer mixture. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride was used to further modify the films in order to create the amidoximated membrane. The produced membranes were analyzed using FTIR, TGA, SEM and DMA. The ETFE-g-AN-SSS membrane and amidoximated membrane were analyzed for proton conductivity, water absorption, oxidative stability, ion exchange capacity and mechanical properties. They displayed good mechanical and thermal stability characteristics. They also had good ion exchange capacity, water absorption, oxidative stability and proton conductivity.