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<p>The development of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) that combine high proton conductivity with long-term durability remains a key challenge in fuel cell technology. This study proposes a strategy that constructs multiple proton transport channels through anchoring phosphoric acid via basic groups and incorporating a phosphotungstic acid (HPW)-functionalized expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) framework. By immobilizing phosphoric acid (PA) through alkaline groups on the sulfonated polyimide (SPI) backbone, the composite membrane maintains high proton conductivity even under low water uptake conditions. Meanwhile, the ePTFE framework effectively suppresses membrane swelling and enhances its mechanical strength. Specifically, the reinforced composite membrane (SPIC50PA-0.22-HPW) demonstrates excellent overall performance: at 80&#xa0;°C, it achieves a proton conductivity of 0.47&#xa0;S/cm, a swelling ratio of only 1.6% and a methanol permeability of 0.08 × 10⁻⁶ cm²/s. Furthermore, the membrane exhibits outstanding PA retention capability, maintaining over 90% of its conductivity after 720&#xa0;h of water immersion. In single-cell tests at 80&#xa0;°C, the composite membrane delivers a peak power density of 212 mW/cm², outperforming Nafion 212 (186 mW/cm²). These advancements significantly enhance the potential of SPI-based PEMs in clean energy applications.</p>

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Phosphoric acid-doped and ePTFE-reinforced sulfonated polyimide membranes for DMFC

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Fengxia Zhai,
  • Liqi Zhuang,
  • Kaijie Wei,
  • Fahai Cao,
  • Shicheng Zhao

摘要

The development of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) that combine high proton conductivity with long-term durability remains a key challenge in fuel cell technology. This study proposes a strategy that constructs multiple proton transport channels through anchoring phosphoric acid via basic groups and incorporating a phosphotungstic acid (HPW)-functionalized expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) framework. By immobilizing phosphoric acid (PA) through alkaline groups on the sulfonated polyimide (SPI) backbone, the composite membrane maintains high proton conductivity even under low water uptake conditions. Meanwhile, the ePTFE framework effectively suppresses membrane swelling and enhances its mechanical strength. Specifically, the reinforced composite membrane (SPIC50PA-0.22-HPW) demonstrates excellent overall performance: at 80 °C, it achieves a proton conductivity of 0.47 S/cm, a swelling ratio of only 1.6% and a methanol permeability of 0.08 × 10⁻⁶ cm²/s. Furthermore, the membrane exhibits outstanding PA retention capability, maintaining over 90% of its conductivity after 720 h of water immersion. In single-cell tests at 80 °C, the composite membrane delivers a peak power density of 212 mW/cm², outperforming Nafion 212 (186 mW/cm²). These advancements significantly enhance the potential of SPI-based PEMs in clean energy applications.