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<p>This study investigates the synergistic effects of epoxide content and silica reinforcement on the performance of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)/chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) blends cured using a MgO/dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide (DPTT) system. ENR with epoxide contents ranging from 0 to 50&#xa0;mol% was firstly synthesized and then blended with CSM at a fixed 50/50 ratio. CSM was intentionally selected as a chemically resistant polar elastomer containing –Cl and –SO₂Cl functionalities, enabling polarity matching and potential hybrid crosslink formation with ENR. Systematic variation of epoxide content captured the transition from non-polar NR to highly polar ENR, clarifying how polarity governs compatibility, curing behavior, and network development. Curing behavior, mechanical properties, solvent resistance, thermal stability, and morphology were evaluated. Increasing epoxidation enhanced polarity-driven compatibility, resulting in improved interfacial adhesion, refined phase morphology, and superior tensile and tear properties, particularly at 40–50&#xa0;mol% epoxidation. That is, ENR-50/CSM exhibited the highest tensile strength (~ 6.2&#xa0;MPa), elongation at break (~ 235%), and approximately 31% lower swelling compared with unmodified NR/CSM (decreasing from 226.0% to 156.0%). Additionally, silica incorporation further reinforced the system, increasing the tensile strength to ~ 16.2&#xa0;MPa and reducing swelling by ~ 39% compared with the unfilled blend (decreasing from 156.0% to 94.5%). This work establishes clear structure–property correlations linking epoxide content and available unsaturation in ENR to hybrid crosslinking, morphology evolution, and filler interaction in ENR/CSM blends. The findings provide a rational design strategy for durable, high-performance elastomer composites suitable for demanding automotive and industrial applications requiring mechanical strength, thermal stability, and solvent resistance.</p>

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Enhancing compatibility and performance of ENR/CSM blends through epoxide modification and silica reinforcement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Azizon Kaesaman,
  • Paniya Saleah,
  • Charoen Nakason

摘要

This study investigates the synergistic effects of epoxide content and silica reinforcement on the performance of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)/chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) blends cured using a MgO/dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide (DPTT) system. ENR with epoxide contents ranging from 0 to 50 mol% was firstly synthesized and then blended with CSM at a fixed 50/50 ratio. CSM was intentionally selected as a chemically resistant polar elastomer containing –Cl and –SO₂Cl functionalities, enabling polarity matching and potential hybrid crosslink formation with ENR. Systematic variation of epoxide content captured the transition from non-polar NR to highly polar ENR, clarifying how polarity governs compatibility, curing behavior, and network development. Curing behavior, mechanical properties, solvent resistance, thermal stability, and morphology were evaluated. Increasing epoxidation enhanced polarity-driven compatibility, resulting in improved interfacial adhesion, refined phase morphology, and superior tensile and tear properties, particularly at 40–50 mol% epoxidation. That is, ENR-50/CSM exhibited the highest tensile strength (~ 6.2 MPa), elongation at break (~ 235%), and approximately 31% lower swelling compared with unmodified NR/CSM (decreasing from 226.0% to 156.0%). Additionally, silica incorporation further reinforced the system, increasing the tensile strength to ~ 16.2 MPa and reducing swelling by ~ 39% compared with the unfilled blend (decreasing from 156.0% to 94.5%). This work establishes clear structure–property correlations linking epoxide content and available unsaturation in ENR to hybrid crosslinking, morphology evolution, and filler interaction in ENR/CSM blends. The findings provide a rational design strategy for durable, high-performance elastomer composites suitable for demanding automotive and industrial applications requiring mechanical strength, thermal stability, and solvent resistance.