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<p>Currently, hydrogels prepared from naturally sourced polymers are frequently utilised as matrices in drug delivery systems, owing to their favourable interaction with biological environments and their ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents effectively. However, these hydrogels often exhibit low mechanical properties, enabling premature degradation and ineffective drug release. In this study, we developed hybrid hydrogels synthesised from dextran, a natural polymer, and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), a synthetic polymer, to create a biocompatible and mechanically stable matrix for controlled drug release. The dextran–PEGDA hydrogels were successfully synthesised using gamma rays at irradiation doses of 15 and 25&#xa0;kGy. Gel fraction test showed a high gel fraction of more than 90 % for both 15 and 25&#xa0;kGy hydrogels, indicating the successful formation of a three-dimensional network within the dextran-PEGDA hydrogel. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed the disappearance of vinyl groups from PEGDA, further confirming the successful formation of crosslinking between the polymers in the hydrogel. Scanning electron microscope images demonstrated that the 25&#xa0;kGy hydrogel has denser pore structures than the 15&#xa0;kGy hydrogel. Interestingly, the drug release study showed that the 15&#xa0;kGy hydrogel can release ciprofloxacin up to 84 % after 24&#xa0;h of immersion in phosphate-buffered saline solution. Furthermore, the Korsmeyer-Peppas and first-order kinetic models provided a strong fit to the experimental data for 15 and 25&#xa0;kGy hydrogels, with R<sup>2</sup> values higher than 0.95, indicating that the ciprofloxacin release is mainly determined by the ability of the drug to diffuse through the densely crosslinked polymer network. Antibacterial tests showed that both hydrogels exhibited pronounced antibacterial properties toward <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, implying that the ciprofloxacin incorporated into the network remained pharmacologically active following crosslinking by gamma irradiation. Overall, the study revealed that dextran–PEGDA hydrogels exhibit satisfactory mechanical stability and enable a controlled release pattern, suggesting their suitability for future development of drug delivery systems.</p>

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Ciprofloxacin release behaviour from gamma-irradiated dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogel and its kinetic fitting models

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月23日

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  • Deudeu Lasmawati,
  • Farah Nurlidar,
  • Dien Puji Rahayu,
  • Fajar Lukitowati,
  • Helmiyati Helmiyati

摘要

Currently, hydrogels prepared from naturally sourced polymers are frequently utilised as matrices in drug delivery systems, owing to their favourable interaction with biological environments and their ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents effectively. However, these hydrogels often exhibit low mechanical properties, enabling premature degradation and ineffective drug release. In this study, we developed hybrid hydrogels synthesised from dextran, a natural polymer, and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), a synthetic polymer, to create a biocompatible and mechanically stable matrix for controlled drug release. The dextran–PEGDA hydrogels were successfully synthesised using gamma rays at irradiation doses of 15 and 25 kGy. Gel fraction test showed a high gel fraction of more than 90 % for both 15 and 25 kGy hydrogels, indicating the successful formation of a three-dimensional network within the dextran-PEGDA hydrogel. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed the disappearance of vinyl groups from PEGDA, further confirming the successful formation of crosslinking between the polymers in the hydrogel. Scanning electron microscope images demonstrated that the 25 kGy hydrogel has denser pore structures than the 15 kGy hydrogel. Interestingly, the drug release study showed that the 15 kGy hydrogel can release ciprofloxacin up to 84 % after 24 h of immersion in phosphate-buffered saline solution. Furthermore, the Korsmeyer-Peppas and first-order kinetic models provided a strong fit to the experimental data for 15 and 25 kGy hydrogels, with R2 values higher than 0.95, indicating that the ciprofloxacin release is mainly determined by the ability of the drug to diffuse through the densely crosslinked polymer network. Antibacterial tests showed that both hydrogels exhibited pronounced antibacterial properties toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, implying that the ciprofloxacin incorporated into the network remained pharmacologically active following crosslinking by gamma irradiation. Overall, the study revealed that dextran–PEGDA hydrogels exhibit satisfactory mechanical stability and enable a controlled release pattern, suggesting their suitability for future development of drug delivery systems.