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<p>The growing role of biodegradable polymers in the polymer market and their increasingly widespread use in new industrial applications are driven by the need to understand the phenomena associated with high-intensity forming processes, such as injection molding. The nucleation of semicrystalline polymers is one of the most commonly used methods of thermoplastic modification. The process-dependent nucleation effectiveness may determine the final product’s industrial applicability. In this study, the impact of potassium salt of 3,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)benzenesulfonate (LAK-301) (0.1‒2 wt%) on changes in the crystalline structure of polylactide (PLA) and its mechanical properties was verified. The studies included the impact of the mold temperature during the injection molding process (50, 90, 120&#xa0;°C) on nucleated PLA properties. The use of Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) enabled the determination of the recommended mold temperature for manufacturing highly crystalline PLA parts at 120&#xa0;°C. Raman spectroscopy also confirms the dominant role of applying high mold temperature (120&#xa0;°C) on PLA, allowing for a repeatable and uniform rich in α-phase crystalline structure at lower NA content (0.5 wt% and above). This work demonstrates that LAK-301 achieves high nucleation efficiency in PLA at concentrations as low as 0.1 wt% under standard injection-molding conditions, and enabling rapid formation of α-phase crystallinity without extended isothermal treatment. At the same time, it was shown that the increase in the PLA crystallinity results in an improved elastic modulus, both in tension and bending conditions, without significant changes in tensile strength and a rise in impact load resistance and hardness, more dependent on the nucleant content than mold temperature.</p>

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Process-oriented correlative analysis of the nucleation effectiveness of potassium salt of 3,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)benzenesulfonate (LAK-301) on the structure and mechanical properties of injection molded polylactide (PLA)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Mateusz Barczewski,
  • Jakub Cyganek,
  • Tomasz Runka,
  • Danuta Matykiewicz,
  • Olga Mysiukiewicz,
  • Aleksander Hejna,
  • Karolina Olszewska,
  • Beata Dudziec,
  • Sandra Paszkiewicz

摘要

The growing role of biodegradable polymers in the polymer market and their increasingly widespread use in new industrial applications are driven by the need to understand the phenomena associated with high-intensity forming processes, such as injection molding. The nucleation of semicrystalline polymers is one of the most commonly used methods of thermoplastic modification. The process-dependent nucleation effectiveness may determine the final product’s industrial applicability. In this study, the impact of potassium salt of 3,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)benzenesulfonate (LAK-301) (0.1‒2 wt%) on changes in the crystalline structure of polylactide (PLA) and its mechanical properties was verified. The studies included the impact of the mold temperature during the injection molding process (50, 90, 120 °C) on nucleated PLA properties. The use of Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) enabled the determination of the recommended mold temperature for manufacturing highly crystalline PLA parts at 120 °C. Raman spectroscopy also confirms the dominant role of applying high mold temperature (120 °C) on PLA, allowing for a repeatable and uniform rich in α-phase crystalline structure at lower NA content (0.5 wt% and above). This work demonstrates that LAK-301 achieves high nucleation efficiency in PLA at concentrations as low as 0.1 wt% under standard injection-molding conditions, and enabling rapid formation of α-phase crystallinity without extended isothermal treatment. At the same time, it was shown that the increase in the PLA crystallinity results in an improved elastic modulus, both in tension and bending conditions, without significant changes in tensile strength and a rise in impact load resistance and hardness, more dependent on the nucleant content than mold temperature.