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<p>Freeze-dried chitosan/Chromolaena odorata (CS/COE) porous membranes were engineered to elucidate composition–structure–function relationships with early-stage wound-related topical biomedical relevance (proof-of-concept, in vitro), rather than implying validated wound-dressing performance. FTIR/EDX (broadened O–H/N–H, intensified C–O, higher O/C) and DSC (loading-dependent low-temperature endotherms with increased enthalpy) indicated strengthened hydrogen-bonding/dipolar interactions and a more integrated network. Stereomicroscopy/SEM showed microscale homogeneity at moderate extract contents, whereas higher loadings induced microdomains and surface corrugation. Functionally, water uptake approached near-equilibrium within ~ 90–100&#xa0;min and peaked at ~ 643% for CS/COE.3. In vitro agar-well diffusion against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (screening against a Gram-positive strain) produced modest halos for membranes (2–3&#xa0;mm) but a larger zone for free extract (5&#xa0;mm, 256&#xa0;µg per well). DPPH assays showed strong antioxidant activity for free COE but attenuated responses in membranes, likely reflecting diffusion/accessibility limitations and partial retention of phenolics within the CS matrix under the assay conditions. Vero-cell MTT indicated non-cytotoxicity for all CS/COE membranes (IC₅₀ &gt; 256&#xa0;µg mL⁻¹). In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, CS/COE.10 achieved ~ 39.2% NO suppression at 100&#xa0;µg mL⁻¹ with &gt; 90% viability, whereas free COE was potent (IC₅₀(NO) = 9.67 ± 0.35&#xa0;µg mL⁻¹) but cytotoxic at the highest dose. Release in simulated body fluid (SBF) was consistent with an approximately linear (near-zero-order-like) early-stage trend within the 0–6&#xa0;h window, with composition-dependent cumulative amounts maximized for CS/COE.3. Overall, CS/COE membranes are biocompatible, water-absorbent scaffolds with tunable bioactivity for preliminary in vitro antibacterial screening, antioxidant/anti-inflammatory responses, and controlled retention/early-stage release, without implying validated wound-dressing performance or wound-model efficacy.</p>

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Fabrication of porous chitosan/Chromolaena odorata films by freeze-drying: FTIR/DSC insights, morphology and in-vitro activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Dam Xuan Thang,
  • Pham Thao Phuong Linh,
  • Tong Khanh Linh

摘要

Freeze-dried chitosan/Chromolaena odorata (CS/COE) porous membranes were engineered to elucidate composition–structure–function relationships with early-stage wound-related topical biomedical relevance (proof-of-concept, in vitro), rather than implying validated wound-dressing performance. FTIR/EDX (broadened O–H/N–H, intensified C–O, higher O/C) and DSC (loading-dependent low-temperature endotherms with increased enthalpy) indicated strengthened hydrogen-bonding/dipolar interactions and a more integrated network. Stereomicroscopy/SEM showed microscale homogeneity at moderate extract contents, whereas higher loadings induced microdomains and surface corrugation. Functionally, water uptake approached near-equilibrium within ~ 90–100 min and peaked at ~ 643% for CS/COE.3. In vitro agar-well diffusion against Staphylococcus aureus (screening against a Gram-positive strain) produced modest halos for membranes (2–3 mm) but a larger zone for free extract (5 mm, 256 µg per well). DPPH assays showed strong antioxidant activity for free COE but attenuated responses in membranes, likely reflecting diffusion/accessibility limitations and partial retention of phenolics within the CS matrix under the assay conditions. Vero-cell MTT indicated non-cytotoxicity for all CS/COE membranes (IC₅₀ > 256 µg mL⁻¹). In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, CS/COE.10 achieved ~ 39.2% NO suppression at 100 µg mL⁻¹ with > 90% viability, whereas free COE was potent (IC₅₀(NO) = 9.67 ± 0.35 µg mL⁻¹) but cytotoxic at the highest dose. Release in simulated body fluid (SBF) was consistent with an approximately linear (near-zero-order-like) early-stage trend within the 0–6 h window, with composition-dependent cumulative amounts maximized for CS/COE.3. Overall, CS/COE membranes are biocompatible, water-absorbent scaffolds with tunable bioactivity for preliminary in vitro antibacterial screening, antioxidant/anti-inflammatory responses, and controlled retention/early-stage release, without implying validated wound-dressing performance or wound-model efficacy.