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<p>The increasing accumulation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste poses severe environmental and resource challenges, prompting the need for chemical recycling strategies that transform polymeric waste into value-added functional materials. In this study, post-consumer PET bottles were chemically recycled via aminolysis using p-phenylenediamine to yield N<sup>1</sup>,N<sup>4</sup>-bis(4-aminophenyl) terephthalamide, a blue-colored aromatic amide compound exhibiting strong chromophoric properties. The chemical transformation from polyester to dye was confirmed through FTIR, NMR, mass spectrometry, UV–Visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, DSC, and elemental analysis, validating the formation of amide linkages and extended π-conjugation. Morphological analysis revealed irregular porous features, indicative of enhanced surface area and dye–fiber interactions. The synthesized dye was water-insoluble, resembling disperse dye characteristics, and exhibited strong affinity towards cotton and polyester fabrics. Dyeing was carried out using controlled parameters of temperature, pH, and dispersant concentration to achieve uniform colour distribution. Fastness tests demonstrated excellent washing, crocking (rubbing), and heat resistance ratings, confirming superior stability and bonding efficiency. This work provides a sustainable route for converting PET waste into structurally robust and application-ready functional dyes, reinforcing the concept of polymer circularity and extending the functional domain of PET-derived materials.</p>

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Aminolytic upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate waste into functional aromatic amide dye: Synthesis, structural characterization, and application performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Neha Mittal,
  • Rakesh Kumar Soni

摘要

The increasing accumulation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste poses severe environmental and resource challenges, prompting the need for chemical recycling strategies that transform polymeric waste into value-added functional materials. In this study, post-consumer PET bottles were chemically recycled via aminolysis using p-phenylenediamine to yield N1,N4-bis(4-aminophenyl) terephthalamide, a blue-colored aromatic amide compound exhibiting strong chromophoric properties. The chemical transformation from polyester to dye was confirmed through FTIR, NMR, mass spectrometry, UV–Visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, DSC, and elemental analysis, validating the formation of amide linkages and extended π-conjugation. Morphological analysis revealed irregular porous features, indicative of enhanced surface area and dye–fiber interactions. The synthesized dye was water-insoluble, resembling disperse dye characteristics, and exhibited strong affinity towards cotton and polyester fabrics. Dyeing was carried out using controlled parameters of temperature, pH, and dispersant concentration to achieve uniform colour distribution. Fastness tests demonstrated excellent washing, crocking (rubbing), and heat resistance ratings, confirming superior stability and bonding efficiency. This work provides a sustainable route for converting PET waste into structurally robust and application-ready functional dyes, reinforcing the concept of polymer circularity and extending the functional domain of PET-derived materials.