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<p>Three types of polyether-based sulfonic acid derivatives were synthesized via the reactions of amine-terminated polyether (ATPE), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with 1,3-propanesultone (1,3-PS). The resultant products were characterized using FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, and ESI-HRMS. Under the acidic catalysis of sulfonic acid, the C-N and C-O bonds in ATPE, PPG, PEG and their corresponding sulfonic acid derivatives underwent cleavage, generating mono amino polyethers, low molecular weight PPG and PEG, and the target sulfonic acid derivatives. All these products exhibited excellent scale inhibition performance against both calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate. Static scale inhibition experiments revealed that product A<sub>4</sub>, which was prepared by reacting ATPE with 1,3-PS at a molar ratio of 1:4 at 110&#xa0;°C for 15&#xa0;h, achieved anti-scaling rates of 99.2% and 93.5% for calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, respectively, at a concentration of 10&#xa0;mg/L in aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the introduction of the inhibitor induced a crystal phase transformation of calcium carbonate from the stable calcite to the meta stable aragonite and vaterite. In addition, the diffraction signals of the (021) and (041) crystal planes of calcium sulfate were significantly attenuated. Subsequent characterizations using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) further confirmed that the addition of the scale inhibitor led to the irregular growth and loose surface structure of calcium scales, thereby effectively suppressing calcium scale deposition.</p>

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Synthesis and characterization of sulfonic acid derivatives based on polyether and their scale inhibition performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Fengwei Liu,
  • Jingjing Liu,
  • Xueqin Zou,
  • Jiaxi Wang

摘要

Three types of polyether-based sulfonic acid derivatives were synthesized via the reactions of amine-terminated polyether (ATPE), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with 1,3-propanesultone (1,3-PS). The resultant products were characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and ESI-HRMS. Under the acidic catalysis of sulfonic acid, the C-N and C-O bonds in ATPE, PPG, PEG and their corresponding sulfonic acid derivatives underwent cleavage, generating mono amino polyethers, low molecular weight PPG and PEG, and the target sulfonic acid derivatives. All these products exhibited excellent scale inhibition performance against both calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate. Static scale inhibition experiments revealed that product A4, which was prepared by reacting ATPE with 1,3-PS at a molar ratio of 1:4 at 110 °C for 15 h, achieved anti-scaling rates of 99.2% and 93.5% for calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, respectively, at a concentration of 10 mg/L in aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the introduction of the inhibitor induced a crystal phase transformation of calcium carbonate from the stable calcite to the meta stable aragonite and vaterite. In addition, the diffraction signals of the (021) and (041) crystal planes of calcium sulfate were significantly attenuated. Subsequent characterizations using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) further confirmed that the addition of the scale inhibitor led to the irregular growth and loose surface structure of calcium scales, thereby effectively suppressing calcium scale deposition.