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<p>Sustainable multifunctional composites derived from waste biomass and silica are under intense investigation for wastewater remediation owing to their economic and environmental advantages. In the current study, Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were prepared via the TEMPO-mediated oxidation process, and (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) was used as a silica precursor for surface modification of the fibers. The CNF/silica–NH₂/Ag-NPs composite polymer was characterized by SEM, TEM, TGA, and FT-IR, confirming its successful formation. SEM investigation exhabit bright, well-dispersed spots observed in the SEM images correspond to Ag-NPs embedded within the porous CNF/silica matrix. TEM analysis showed a non-uniform coating of amorphous, spherical silica particles with an average size of ~ 25&#xa0;nm for Ag-NPs. The developed CNF/silica–NH₂/Ag-NPs composite polymer was evaluated as a multifunctional material for the removal of both cationic and anionic dyes, as well as for its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. The bioadsorbent showed better removal efficiency for methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes due to electrostatic attraction. From the isotherm studies, the Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit, and CNF/silica-NH₂/Ag composite polymer displayed maximum adsorption capacities of 370&#xa0;mg/g and 151&#xa0;mg/g for MB and MO, respectively. From the reusability studies, it was observed that the multifunctional cellulose adsorbent exhibited appreciable adsorption values even after 5 cycles adsorption-desorption. The antimicrobial potential of the synthesized composite polymer showed different inhibition zone against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (18&#xa0;mm), <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (20&#xa0;mm), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (16&#xa0;mm), <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (17&#xa0;mm), and <i>Candida albicans</i> (15&#xa0;mm). The findings revealed that the CNF/Silica-NH₂/Ag-NPs composite polymer exhibited vigorous antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 0.0012&#xa0;mg/mL. Among them, <i>E. coli</i> demonstrated the highest MIC of 0.04&#xa0;mg/mL, indicating relatively lower sensitivity to the composite polymer.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Multifunctional bio-inorganic cellulose nanofiber/silica/silver-nanoparticle composite polymer: characterization, anionic and cationic dye absorption and antimicrobial assessments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Hussain Alenezi,
  • Jehan S. Albrahim,
  • Ahmed K. Saleh

摘要

Sustainable multifunctional composites derived from waste biomass and silica are under intense investigation for wastewater remediation owing to their economic and environmental advantages. In the current study, Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were prepared via the TEMPO-mediated oxidation process, and (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) was used as a silica precursor for surface modification of the fibers. The CNF/silica–NH₂/Ag-NPs composite polymer was characterized by SEM, TEM, TGA, and FT-IR, confirming its successful formation. SEM investigation exhabit bright, well-dispersed spots observed in the SEM images correspond to Ag-NPs embedded within the porous CNF/silica matrix. TEM analysis showed a non-uniform coating of amorphous, spherical silica particles with an average size of ~ 25 nm for Ag-NPs. The developed CNF/silica–NH₂/Ag-NPs composite polymer was evaluated as a multifunctional material for the removal of both cationic and anionic dyes, as well as for its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. The bioadsorbent showed better removal efficiency for methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes due to electrostatic attraction. From the isotherm studies, the Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit, and CNF/silica-NH₂/Ag composite polymer displayed maximum adsorption capacities of 370 mg/g and 151 mg/g for MB and MO, respectively. From the reusability studies, it was observed that the multifunctional cellulose adsorbent exhibited appreciable adsorption values even after 5 cycles adsorption-desorption. The antimicrobial potential of the synthesized composite polymer showed different inhibition zone against Escherichia coli (18 mm), Salmonella typhimurium (20 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (16 mm), Streptococcus mutans (17 mm), and Candida albicans (15 mm). The findings revealed that the CNF/Silica-NH₂/Ag-NPs composite polymer exhibited vigorous antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 0.0012 mg/mL. Among them, E. coli demonstrated the highest MIC of 0.04 mg/mL, indicating relatively lower sensitivity to the composite polymer.

Graphical abstract