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<p>This study presents the development of basalt fiber–reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites using isophthalic polyester (IP) resin modified with graphene oxide (GO) and nanosilica (NS) hybrid nanofillers. Resin nanocomposites were fabricated with varying GO (0–0.5 wt%) and NS (0–4 wt%) contents, individually and in combination, and the optimal hybrid formulation (0.3 wt% GO + 3 wt% NS) achieved significant improvements in tensile strength (38%), flexural strength (39%), tensile modulus (25%), impact strength (19%), and hardness (12%) compared to neat resin. Using this optimized matrix, BFRP laminates were produced via hand lay-up and compression moulding, exhibiting further enhancements with tensile strength of 671.54&#xa0;MPa, flexural strength of 606.78&#xa0;MPa, impact strength of 64.92&#xa0;kJ/m², and hardness of 94.3 HRRW. Thermal analysis confirmed stability with a glass transition temperature of 322.8&#xa0;°C and a char yield of 66.8% at 800&#xa0;°C. At the same time, flame retardancy was demonstrated by a UL-94&#xa0;V-0 rating and a reduced horizontal burning rate of 13.9&#xa0;mm/min. Microstructural and chemical characterizations (SEM, FTIR, XRD) revealed uniform filler dispersion and strong fiber–matrix bonding. Predictive modeling using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN, <i>R</i> = 0.995) accurately captured experimental trends. Overall, the results establish GO–NS hybrid nanofillers as an efficient reinforcement strategy for IP resin–based BFRP composites, enabling the design of lightweight, mechanically robust, thermally stable, and flame-retardant materials for advanced structural applications.</p>

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Optimization of graphene oxide–nanosilica hybrid nanofillers for enhanced basalt fiber–reinforced polyester composites using machine learning

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • S. Azhagarsamy,
  • N. Pannirselvam

摘要

This study presents the development of basalt fiber–reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites using isophthalic polyester (IP) resin modified with graphene oxide (GO) and nanosilica (NS) hybrid nanofillers. Resin nanocomposites were fabricated with varying GO (0–0.5 wt%) and NS (0–4 wt%) contents, individually and in combination, and the optimal hybrid formulation (0.3 wt% GO + 3 wt% NS) achieved significant improvements in tensile strength (38%), flexural strength (39%), tensile modulus (25%), impact strength (19%), and hardness (12%) compared to neat resin. Using this optimized matrix, BFRP laminates were produced via hand lay-up and compression moulding, exhibiting further enhancements with tensile strength of 671.54 MPa, flexural strength of 606.78 MPa, impact strength of 64.92 kJ/m², and hardness of 94.3 HRRW. Thermal analysis confirmed stability with a glass transition temperature of 322.8 °C and a char yield of 66.8% at 800 °C. At the same time, flame retardancy was demonstrated by a UL-94 V-0 rating and a reduced horizontal burning rate of 13.9 mm/min. Microstructural and chemical characterizations (SEM, FTIR, XRD) revealed uniform filler dispersion and strong fiber–matrix bonding. Predictive modeling using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN, R = 0.995) accurately captured experimental trends. Overall, the results establish GO–NS hybrid nanofillers as an efficient reinforcement strategy for IP resin–based BFRP composites, enabling the design of lightweight, mechanically robust, thermally stable, and flame-retardant materials for advanced structural applications.