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<p>Heparin-mimicking shape memory polymers (HmSMPs) were synthesized by copolymerizing sodium vinyl benzenesulfonate and sodium acrylate, introducing sulfonate (–SO₃⁻) and carboxylate (–COO⁻) functionalities analogous to natural heparin. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) (1–5 wt%) was incorporated to modulate thermal, mechanical, and biological properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirmed the retention of heparin-mimicking groups after filler addition, with the –SO₃⁻ (1072&#xa0;cm⁻¹)/C = C (1578&#xa0;cm⁻¹) intensity ratio remaining ~ 1.25 across all composites. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis showed a stable glass transition temperature (Tg = 85 ± 2&#xa0;°C) and ≤ 15% variation in enthalpy change, indicating preserved segmental mobility and thermal actuation consistency. At room temperature, tensile strength increased from ~ 45&#xa0;MPa (neat) to ~ 50&#xa0;MPa (2 wt% HAp) due to improved load transfer, while at Tg, strength peaked at ~ 18&#xa0;MPa for 5 wt% HAp, reflecting effective reinforcement in the softened state. In-vitro assays with Swiss 3T6 fibroblasts revealed enhanced viability (up to 93%) and network formation on HAp-reinforced surfaces, attributed to synergistic effects of HAp bioactivity and heparin-like surface chemistry. These results demonstrate that HmSMP–HAp composites maintain their shape memory performance while offering tunable mechanical strength and improved cytocompatibility, making them promising for biomedical devices requiring anticoagulant-like surfaces and structural integrity at body temperature.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis, properties of heparin mimicking shape memory polymer and its hydroxyapatite composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • G. Jerald Maria Antony,
  • M. Priyanka Jain,
  • M. S. Sneha,
  • S. Raja,
  • S. T. Aruna

摘要

Heparin-mimicking shape memory polymers (HmSMPs) were synthesized by copolymerizing sodium vinyl benzenesulfonate and sodium acrylate, introducing sulfonate (–SO₃⁻) and carboxylate (–COO⁻) functionalities analogous to natural heparin. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) (1–5 wt%) was incorporated to modulate thermal, mechanical, and biological properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirmed the retention of heparin-mimicking groups after filler addition, with the –SO₃⁻ (1072 cm⁻¹)/C = C (1578 cm⁻¹) intensity ratio remaining ~ 1.25 across all composites. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis showed a stable glass transition temperature (Tg = 85 ± 2 °C) and ≤ 15% variation in enthalpy change, indicating preserved segmental mobility and thermal actuation consistency. At room temperature, tensile strength increased from ~ 45 MPa (neat) to ~ 50 MPa (2 wt% HAp) due to improved load transfer, while at Tg, strength peaked at ~ 18 MPa for 5 wt% HAp, reflecting effective reinforcement in the softened state. In-vitro assays with Swiss 3T6 fibroblasts revealed enhanced viability (up to 93%) and network formation on HAp-reinforced surfaces, attributed to synergistic effects of HAp bioactivity and heparin-like surface chemistry. These results demonstrate that HmSMP–HAp composites maintain their shape memory performance while offering tunable mechanical strength and improved cytocompatibility, making them promising for biomedical devices requiring anticoagulant-like surfaces and structural integrity at body temperature.

Graphical Abstract