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<p>This study developed a polypropylene (PP) composite with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties by combining natural <i>Luffa aegyptiaca</i> fibers and alumina (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) fillers. Individual PP/Luffa and PP/alumina composites were also prepared for comparison. Luffa fibers were treated with NaOH and stearic acid, and alumina was coated with stearic acid to improve compatibility with the PP matrix. Composites with 2% and 5% filler content were produced via melt mixing. FTIR and SEM analyses confirmed improved interfacial adhesion and uniform filler dispersion. XRD showed increased crystallinity, while DSC and TGA revealed improved thermal behavior. The best-performing formulation, PP reinforced with 2% stearic-acid-treated Luffa and alumina (PP/T-SA-[Al + Luffa]-2%), exhibited the highest impact strength of 37.46&#xa0;kJ/m², a melting temperature of 166.66&#xa0;°C, and a maximum degradation temperature (T<sub>max</sub>) of 450&#xa0;°C, compared to 350&#xa0;°C for the NaOH-treated Luffa composite. These results confirm the synergistic effect of the dual fillers and the efficiency of the surface treatments. The enhanced performance and sustainability of the composite make it a strong candidate for industrial applications such as automotive interiors, heat-resistant packaging, and durable construction components, contributing to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).</p>

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Thermal and mechanical enhancement of polypropylene composites using stearic acid treated Luffa fibers and alumina fillers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月18日

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  • Abderraouf Seddik,
  • Oum Keltoum Mallem,
  • Mohammed ElSaid Sarhani,
  • Dadache Derradji,
  • Farid Rouabah,
  • Hakim Aguedal,
  • Aouatef Driouch,
  • Gaurav Goel

摘要

This study developed a polypropylene (PP) composite with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties by combining natural Luffa aegyptiaca fibers and alumina (Al2O3) fillers. Individual PP/Luffa and PP/alumina composites were also prepared for comparison. Luffa fibers were treated with NaOH and stearic acid, and alumina was coated with stearic acid to improve compatibility with the PP matrix. Composites with 2% and 5% filler content were produced via melt mixing. FTIR and SEM analyses confirmed improved interfacial adhesion and uniform filler dispersion. XRD showed increased crystallinity, while DSC and TGA revealed improved thermal behavior. The best-performing formulation, PP reinforced with 2% stearic-acid-treated Luffa and alumina (PP/T-SA-[Al + Luffa]-2%), exhibited the highest impact strength of 37.46 kJ/m², a melting temperature of 166.66 °C, and a maximum degradation temperature (Tmax) of 450 °C, compared to 350 °C for the NaOH-treated Luffa composite. These results confirm the synergistic effect of the dual fillers and the efficiency of the surface treatments. The enhanced performance and sustainability of the composite make it a strong candidate for industrial applications such as automotive interiors, heat-resistant packaging, and durable construction components, contributing to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).